棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Integrated Machine for Cotton Stalk Crushing and Residual Film Recycling and Baling

摘要:

针对现有滚筒式棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机残膜回收率低、残膜含杂率高及揉搓式残膜打包机构容易丢膜且打包带容易变形等问题，设计了棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机。通过原理分析与计算确定了锤片式秸秆粉碎机构与螺旋输送机构的关键参数；改进了残膜捡拾机构与地轮驱动机构，确定了拾膜滚筒的尺寸及临界转速、地轮与拾膜滚筒之间的传动比、捡膜齿尺寸与捡膜齿间距等参数；通过理论分析，确定了螺旋排杂机构与脱膜机构的结构参数及工作参数；通过分析残膜打包过程，确定了打包带与水平面之间的夹角、打包带线速度以及支撑辊数量与间距等参数。田间试验表明，机具前进速度为10km/h、捡膜齿深度为25mm、留茬高度为10cm时，作业效果最佳，验证试验表明，在上述最佳工作参数下，机具的残膜回收率为89.78%，残膜含杂率为11.15%，粉秆合格率为94.79%，各项性能指标均满足设计要求。

Abstract:

In recent years, film mulching technology has been widely used in agriculture. After cotton harvest, large amounts of residual film need to be recycled, simultaneously, cotton stalks crushing needs to be carried out, in Xinjiang, China. The existing integrated machine for straw crushing and residual film recycling in China can be mainly divided into drum-type and chain teeth type. Considering the current drum-type integrated machine, which has a low residual film recovery rate, and high impurity content in the residual film, the rubbing-type residual film baling mechanism was prone to throw out the residual film and was easy to deform the baling belt and other problems, an integrated machine for straw crushing and residual film recycling and baling was developed. Through principle analysis and calculation, the key parameters of the hammer blade straw crushing mechanism and the screw conveying mechanism were determined;the residual film picking mechanism and the wheel drive mechanism were improved, and the dimensions and rotation speed of the film pick-up drum, the transmission ratio between the wheel and the film pick-up drum, the dimensions of the film pick-up teeth and the space between adjacent film pick-up teeth were determined;through theoretical analysis, the structural parameters and operating parameters of the screw impurity removal mechanism and the film removal mechanism were determined;by analyzing the process of residual film baling, the parameters such as the angle between the baling belt and the horizontal plane, the linear speed of the baling belt, and the number and space of the support rollers were determined. The field test demonstrated that the optimal operating parameters of the machine were as follows: the machine’s advancing velocity was 10km/h, the depth of the film-picking teeth was 25mm, and the height of the stubble was 10cm. Validation test results demonstrated that under the aforementioned optimal operating parameters, the film pickup rate was 89.78%, the soil content was 11.15%, and the pass rate of crushed straw was 94.79%.