盐碱地土壤切挤组合式花生挖掘收获装置设计与试验

Design and Testing of Cutting and Squeezing Combination Peanut Digging and Harvesting Device for Saline Soils

摘要:

针对盐碱地花生收获过程中铲杆式挖掘收获装置存在土壤破碎效果差、根果部分含土率高、挖掘作业阻力大等问题，结合盐碱地土壤特性及花生种植农艺要求，设计了一种切挤组合式挖掘装置。构建了挖掘装置切削挤压力学模型和花生根果土团聚体破碎分离力学模型，明晰了影响挖掘装置作业性能的主要因素为挖掘铲铲面倾角、挖掘铲刃口角和挤压滚筒半径，并分析确定了各参数的取值范围。利用EDEM软件开展仿真试验，探究花生根果土团聚体在挖掘装置作业时的变化过程，利用单因素试验确定了各因素对作业阻力和根果部分含土率的影响程度；以作业阻力与含土率为评价指标，采用中心复合设计法开展二次回归正交旋转组合试验，得出最优作业参数组合为：挖掘铲铲面倾角22°、挖掘铲刃口角50°、挤压滚筒半径110mm，根果部分含土率为48.86%、机具工作阻力为15696.3N。田间试验结果表明，切挤组合式花生挖掘装置的作业后根果部分含土率为53.61%、工作阻力为15965.57N，相较原挖掘装置挖掘收获根果部分含土率降低了21.58个百分比，工作阻力降低了5.57%，性能优于原挖掘装置。

Abstract:

Aiming at the saline peanut harvesting process in the traditional shovel pole type excavation and harvesting device exists in the soil crushing effect is poor, the root and pod part of the soil content rate is high, the excavation operation resistance is large and has other problems. Combining saline soil characteristics and peanut planting agronomic requirements, a cutting and squeezing combined excavation device was designed. A mechanical model for the cutting and squeezing forces of the digging device and a mechanical model for the fragmentation and separation of the peanut root-pod-soil aggregates were established. The main factors affecting the operational performance of the digging device were identified as the blade surface inclination angle of the digging shovel, the blade edge angle of the digging shovel, and the radius of the squeezing roller. The value ranges for these parameters were analyzed and determined. Simulation experiments were conducted by using EDEM software to investigate the dynamic changes in peanut root-pod-soil aggregates during the operation of the digging device. Single-factor experiments were used to determine the influence level of each factor on operational resistance and the soil adhesion rate on the root-pod system. Using operational resistance and soil adhesion rate as evaluation indicators, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotational composite experiment was carried out by employing the central composite design (CCD) method. The optimal operational parameter combination was determined as digging shovel blade surface inclination angle of 22°, digging shovel blade edge angle of 50°, and squeezing roller radius of 110mm. Under these parameters, the soil adhesion rate on the root-pod system was 48.86%, and the machine operational resistance was 15696.3N. Field trial results demonstrated that the cutting-squeezing combined peanut digging device achieved a post-operation soil adhesion rate on the root-pod system of 53.61% and an operational resistance of 15965.57N. Compared with the original digging device, this represented a reduction of 21.58 percentage points in the soil adhesion rate on the harvested root-pod system and a reduction of 5.57% in operational resistance, indicating superior performance.