大豆联合收获机脱粒间隙自适应装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Adaptive Threshing Gap Device for Soybean Combine Harvester

摘要:

针对传统大豆联合收获机脱粒分离装置无法适时调控脱粒间隙，导致脱粒室内物料分布不均匀，进而造成大豆籽粒破碎率、未脱净率和夹带损失率较高的问题，本文设计了一种基于喂入量和脱粒间隙适时匹配的调节系统。以喂入量、脱粒段脱粒间隙和分离段脱粒间隙为试验因素，大豆籽粒破碎率、未脱净率和夹带损失率为评价指标，进行了台架试验、脱粒间隙自适应调节试验和对照试验。试验结果表明，该控制系统调节脱粒段脱粒间隙和分离段脱粒间隙平均误差为0.49mm和0.47mm，当喂入量为0~2kg/s、2~3kg/s和3~4kg/s，脱粒段脱粒间隙为15、23、30mm，分离段脱粒间隙为15、20、27mm的试验组合时，籽粒破碎率、未脱净率和夹带损失率分别为2.73%、0.30%和0.42%，相比恒定间隙试验分别降低0.39、0.27、0.28个百分点。脱粒间隙自适应调节试验各项指标优于对照试验，研究结果可为脱粒间隙自适应控制系统及大豆联合收获机智能化提供支持。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the issue that the threshing and separation device of traditional soybean combine harvesters cannot adjust the threshing gap in real-time, resulting in uneven material distribution in the threshing chamber and consequently high rates of soybean grain breakage, unthreshed grain loss, and entrainment loss, an adjustment system was designed based on the realtime matching of feed rate and threshing gap. Using the feed rate, threshing section gap, and separation section gap as experimental factors, and the grain breakage rate, unthreshed grain rate, and entrainment loss rate as evaluation indicators, bench tests, adaptive threshing gap adjustment tests, and comparative tests were conducted. The experimental results indicated that the average adjustment errors of the control system for the threshing and separation section gap were 0.49mm and 0.47mm, respectively. Under the test combinations where the feed rates were 0~2kg/s, 2~3kg/s, and 3~4kg/s, with corresponding threshing section gaps of 15mm, 23mm and 30mm, and separation section gaps of 15mm, 20mm and 27mm, the grain breakage rate, unthreshed grain rate, and entrainment loss rate were 2.73%, 0.30% and 0.42%, respectively. Compared with the constant gap tests, these values were reduced by 0.39, 0.27 and 0.28 percentage points, respectively. All evaluation indicators from the adaptive threshing gap adjustment tests outperformed those from the comparative tests. The research result can support the development of adaptive threshing gap control systems and the intelligent of the soybean combine harvester.