基于物联网的干热河谷区葡萄水肥一体化智能调控系统研究

Integrated Intelligent Control System for Water and Fertilizer in Vineyards in Arid Hot Valley Area Based on Internet of Things

摘要:

针对干热河谷区葡萄种植中灌溉用水利用率低、管理水平落后等问题，本研究采集葡萄作物生境与生理大数据，融合农艺理论数据，基于综合多元数据耦合分析进行水肥一体化智能调控系统设计。该系统采用标准Modbus协议传感器进行数据采集，并使用可自由设定时间的LORA低功耗无线组网传输模块。结合云盒子、网关和数据传输单元等设备，搭建了一个土壤及环境物联网监测采集系统，实现了土壤和环境的连续在线监测与数据收集。LORA采用Modbus-RTU协议进行数据传输。采用修订的PM模型优化模糊PID控制算法，构建了一个作物栽培模型。通过该模型，系统能够驱动灌溉和施肥管理决策形成，优化农业生产过程，实现在线式的水肥一体化灌溉设备控制，减少了人工操作需求。试验结果表明，相较于传统PID和模糊PID，系统超调量分别减少13.6、3.6个百分点，系统响应率分别提升58.2%和26.6%；用水量分别减少25.0%和13.5%，用肥量分别减少30.0%和17.1%。实现了干热河谷区葡萄种植中灌溉和施肥智能化管理，显著提高了资源利用效率。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the key issues of low irrigation water use efficiency and backward management levels in grape cultivation in arid valley regions. It focused on collecting big data on the habitat and physiology of grape crops, integrating agronomic theoretical data, and an integrated decision-making system for water and fertilizer management was designed based on comprehensive multi-data coupling analysis. The system utilized standard Modbus protocol sensors for data collection and employed a LORA low-power wireless networking transmission module with freely settable timing. By integrating devices such as cloud boxes, gateways, and DTUs, the system established a soil and environmental Internet of things (IoT) monitoring and collection system, achieving continuous online monitoring and data collection of soil and the environment. The LORA wireless network transmission adopted the Modbus-RTU protocol for data transfer. The system incorporated a crop cultivation model built with an optimized fuzzy PID control algorithm based on the revised PM model. Through this model, the system can drive decision-making for irrigation and fertilization management, optimizing the agricultural production process. It achieved online control of integrated water and fertilizer irrigation equipment, reducing the need for manual operation. Experimental results showed that compared with traditional PID and fuzzy PID, the system’s overshoot was reduced by 13.6 percentage points and 3.6 percentage points respectively, the system response rate was increased by 58.2% and 26.6% respectively;water usage was reduced by 25.0% and 13.5% respectively, and fertilizer usage was reduced by 30.0% and 17.1% respectively. This system aimed to promote the upgrade of integrated water and fertilizer technology, transforming the decision-making mechanism from “theory-oriented, experience-guided, and fixed-value regulation” to a benchmark based on big data analysis and judgment, with the expectation of providing technical support for the realization of real-time and precise regulation of integrated water and fertilizer management in grape plantations in arid valley regions.