往复辊式巨菌草精量排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Reciprocating Roller Precision Seed Stem Metering for Giant Juncao

摘要:

为实现巨菌草种茎有序排种，提升播种效率和精度，防止种芽损伤，设计了一种往复辊式巨菌草精量排种器，由往复式送种机构、辊式排种器机构和导种部件组成。根据西北地区巨菌草种茎的物理特性和种茎埋栽种植农艺要求，对送种装置的送种、排种和出种过程进行理论分析，确定了关键部件结构及参数。采用EDEM法对排种器的工作过程进行仿真，分析种茎的受力及运动，确定种茎在送种阶段无损伤；以重充率、堵塞率和株距合格率为试验指标，设计二次回归正交旋转组合仿真试验，确定排种辊最佳结构参数组合为：凹槽深度16mm、凹槽宽度24mm、表面间距7mm；出种口较优结构参数为：侧板倾角45°、开口宽度45mm、开口长度30mm；为确定排种器最佳作业参数，以株距合格率和株距变异系数为试验因素，进行二次回归正交旋转组合台架试验。试验结果表明，当排种辊转速为11.57r/min、出种口与地面相距高度为191.56mm、导种板倾斜角度为35.77°时，株距合格率达到96.4%，株距变异系数为9.98%，排种器工作性能满足巨菌草种植农艺要求。

Abstract:

Aiming to achieve orderly seeding of giant Juncao seed stems, enhance seeding efficiency and accuracy, and prevent damage to seed buds, a reciprocating roller precision seed dispenser for giant Juncao seed was designed. This device consisted of a reciprocating seed feeding mechanism, a roller seed dispensing mechanism, and seed guiding components. Based on the physical characteristics of giant Juncao seed stems in the Northwest region and the agronomic requirements for planting the stems, theoretical analyses were conducted on the processes of seed feeding, dispensing, and output of the device to determine the structures and parameters of key components. The working process of the seed dispenser was simulated by using the EDEM method to analyze the forces and motions acting on the stems, confirming that no damage occurred during the seed feeding phase. Using seed filling rate, clogging rate, and qualified planting distance as experimental indicators, a second-order regression orthogonal rotary combination simulation experiment was designed. The optimal structural parameter combination for the seed dispensing roller was determined to be: groove depth of 16mm, groove width of 24mm, and surface spacing of 7mm. The optimal structural parameters for the seed output port were as follows: side plate inclination angle of 45°, opening width of 45mm, and opening length of 30mm. To determine the best operational parameters for the seed dispenser, the qualified planting distance rate and the variation coefficient of planting distance were used as experimental factors in a second-order regression orthogonal rotary combination test. The results showed that when the rotation speed of the seed dispensing roller was 11.57r/min, the height from the seed discharge port to the ground was 191.56mm, and the inclination angle was 35.77°, the qualified planting distance rate reached 96.4%, with a variation coefficient of 9.98%. The working performance of the seed dispenser met the agronomic requirements for giant reed planting.