原茬地免耕播种机液控式仿形限深地轮设计与试验

Design and Experiment of a Hydraulic Control Depth Wheel with Terrain-Following Feature for No-till Seeders in Stubble Field

摘要:

针对原茬地免耕精量播种机传统机械式调节方式地轮总成不能适应地形变化，导致清秸效果不稳定，地轮滑移率增大等问题，设计一种液控式仿形限深地轮总成，液压系统可快速调节地轮高度，并保持位置恒定，确保刀齿入土深度稳定，缓冲弹簧可减弱地面传递到播种机的冲击，提高清秸装置稳定性。通过理论分析确定仿形限深地轮总成主要结构参数，利用仿真试验获得缓冲弹簧最优刚度为1.2×105N/m。田间对比试验表明，液控式仿形限深地轮总成工作稳定且具有较小的滑移率，当刀齿入土深度判定标准为（50±10）mm时，机械调节地轮总成与液控式仿形限深地轮总成的刀齿入土深度合格率分别为62%和82%，液控式仿形限深地轮总成刀齿入土深度合格率比机械调节地轮总成高20个百分点，液控式仿形限深地轮滑移率明显小于机械式调节地轮，随着作业速度增加，两种调节方式地轮滑移率都在增加，但液控式仿形限深地轮的增长趋势小于机械式调节地轮。

Abstract:

Aiming to address issues with traditional mechanical adjustment methods for no-till precision planters in stubble fields, such as the ground wheel assembly’s inability to adapt to terrain changes, leading to unstable residue clearing performance and increased wheel slip, a hydraulically controlled terrain-following depth-limiting ground wheel assembly was designed. Its hydraulic system enabled rapid adjustment of wheel height while maintaining a constant position, ensuring stable furrow opener depth. The cushioning spring reduced ground-induced impacts transmitted to the planter, enhancing the stability of the residue clearing device. Through theoretical analysis, the main structural parameters of the terrain-following depth-limiting ground wheel assembly were determined. Simulation tests identified the optimal stiffness of the cushioning spring as 1.2×105N/m. Comparative field trials demonstrated that the hydraulically controlled terrain-following depth-limiting ground wheel assembly operated stably with lower slip rates. When the furrow opener depth qualification criterion was set at (50±10)mm, the qualification rates for opener soil penetration depth were 62% and 82% for the mechanically-adjusted ground wheel assembly and hydraulic-controlled terrain-following depth-control wheel assembly, respectively. The hydraulic assembly exhibited a 20 percentage point higher qualification rate than the mechanical assembly. Furthermore, the hydraulic terrain-following wheel demonstrated significantly lower slip rates. While both adjustment methods showed increasing slip rates with the rise of operating speeds, the hydraulic terrain-following wheel exhibited a smaller rate of increase.