串联式混合动力拖拉机全生命周期成本研究

Life Cycle Costs of Series Hybrid Tractors

摘要:

为研究大功率混合动力拖拉机电池容量配置对系统效率、全生命周期成本（Life cycle cost, LCC）影响规律，以190kW串联式混合动力拖拉机为研究对象，构建包含设备购置、电池更换、燃油油耗等在内的LCC评价体系。提出一种基于枚举法与动态规划（Dynamic programming, DP）结合的两层级电池容量配置优化方法，外层研究能源、电池价格时变权重下电池容量对LCC的影响规律并通过枚举法全局搜索进行寻优，内层通过DP算法对混合动力拖拉机能量管理策略进行最优控制。基于Matlab/Simulink搭建拖拉机整机仿真平台，在拖拉机全生命周期内量化分析电池容量与能量管理策略对系统效率的耦合影响机制。仿真结果表明：在2.2~110A·h的电池容量区间内，随电池容量的增加，有利于整机油耗降低和电池寿命延长；电池容量为24.2A·h时为整机油耗拐点，增大电池容量对整机油耗的改善极小；当电池容量达到52.8A·h，电池按循环寿命无需更换，但电池容量与LCC呈现非线性关系，22A·h配置可使全生命周期成本最小化至390.93万元。本文建立的“技术参数-全生命周期成本”优化框架，可为农机装备混合动力系统设计提供理论范式和参考。

Abstract:

Aiming to investigate the impact of battery capacity configuration on system efficiency and life cycle cost (LCC) for high-horsepower hybrid tractors, thereby addressing the research gap in battery capacity optimization design for hybrid tractors, taking a 190kW series hybrid tractor as the research object, an LCC evaluation system encompassing equipment procurement, battery replacement, and fuel consumption was established. A two-level battery capacity optimization method combining enumeration and dynamic programming (DP) was proposed: the outer layer investigated the influence of battery capacity on LCC under time-varying weights of energy and battery prices through global search via enumeration method, while the inner layer employed DP algorithm for optimal control of energy management strategies in hybrid tractors. A tractor simulation platform was developed by using Matlab/Simulink to quantitatively analyze the coupling mechanism between battery capacity and energy management strategies on system efficiency throughout the tractor’s lifecycle. Simulation results indicated that within the 2.2~110A·h battery capacity range, increasing battery capacity benefited fuel consumption reduction and battery lifespan extension;the 24.2A·h configuration represented the fuel consumption inflection point, beyond which capacity increase yielded minimal efficiency improvement;when battery capacity reached 52.8A·h, no replacement was required based on cycle life, but the nonlinear battery capacity-LCC relationship showed 22A·h configuration minimized LCC to 3.9093 million yuan. The proposed “technical parameters-life cycle cost” optimization framework established theoretical paradigms and provided valuable references for hybrid system design in agricultural machinery.