拖拉机新型动力传动系统关键技术研究综述

Review of Research on Key Technologies for New Power Transmission Systems in Tractors

摘要:

拖拉机作为实现农业现代化与高效生产的核心动力装备，其技术发展水平直接关系到农业生产的效率、成本与可持续性，产业正加速向高端化、智能化、绿色化方向演进，而新型动力传动技术则成为这一变革中最为关键与活跃的创新领域。本文从新型传动理论研究、关键技术开发与国内外产业化应用3个维度，对国内外拖拉机新型动力传动技术的研究现状进行全面综述。研究聚焦于动力换挡传动、液压机械无级变速传动、纯电驱动系统、油电混合动力、氢能混合动力和甲烷混合动力的多元化技术路线。深入剖析了动力传动系统的基本结构、工作原理与性能特征，结合国内外典型拖拉机产品，分析了关键技术发展现状，以及实际应用成效与产品化路径。归纳并总结了当前新型动力传动关键技术亟待突破的瓶颈问题，主要包括电池容量和充电速率、控制精度和稳定性、电驱动系统环境适应性、多能量源能量管理、新型能源制备与存储等问题。最后，展望了未来拖拉机新型动力传动系统的发展趋势，提出在全局能量高效利用、全场景自适应适配以及模块化多功能拓展三大方向深度融合。

Abstract:

The tractor serving as the core power equipment for achieving agricultural modernization and efficient production, has a technological development level that directly influences the efficiency, cost, and sustainability of agricultural operations. The industry is rapidly evolving toward high-end, intelligent, and green directions, with new power transmission technologies becoming the most critical and dynamic area of innovation in this transformation. A comprehensive review of the current research status of new power transmission technologies for tractors, both domestically and internationally was provided, which systematically addressed the field from three dimensions: theoretical research on new transmission systems, development of key technologies, and industrial applications. It was focused on diverse technical pathways, including power shift transmission, hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission, pure electric drive systems, as well as diesel-electric hybrid, hydrogen hybrid, and methane hybrid power systems. It delved into the basic structure, working principles, and performance characteristics of these power transmission systems, and the development status of key technologies was analyzed by examining typical tractor products from China and other countries, along with their practical application outcomes and productization paths. The critical bottleneck issues that needed to be overcome in current new power transmission technologies were generalized and summarized, primarily including battery capacity and charging rates, control precision and stability, environmental adaptability of electric drive systems, multi-energy source management, and the production and storage of new energy sources. Finally, it outlined future development trends for new power transmission systems in tractors, proposing deep integration in three major directions: global energy efficiency utilization, full-scenario self-adaptive compatibility, and modular multi-functional expansion.