薄皮果蔬分选技术与设备研究进展与展望

Review of Sorting Technologies and Equipment for Thin-skinned Fruits and Vegetables

摘要:

果蔬智能分选是农业现代化和产业价值链重构的核心环节，有利于减少果蔬采后损失，提升果蔬品质。薄皮果蔬结构特殊、形态各异，检测难度大、易受机械损伤，其分选技术反映了农产品初加工机械化和现代化的发展水平。为此，本文综述了国内外薄皮果蔬分选技术与设备的研究现状及发展动态，围绕薄皮果蔬的结构和形态特征，从生物力学性能、分选技术原理、分选设备关键装置设计及应用等方面，对国内外代表性分选技术和设备进行了深入分析与总结，重点介绍了面向物料减损和提高薄皮果蔬内外部品质检测精度的技术设备创新设计方法。最后，针对中国薄皮果蔬分选技术与设备的现存问题，提出异形果蔬的适应性、检测模型的普适性及个性化、轻简高效的全自动设备等是薄皮果蔬分选技术与设备未来发展方向。

Abstract:

Intelligent sorting of fruits and vegetables represents a core link in agricultural modernization and industrial value chain reconstruction, contributing to the reduction of post-harvest losses and the enhancement of fruit and vegetable quality. Thin-skinned fruits and vegetables, characterized by their special structures and diverse morphologies, pose significant challenges in detection and are prone to mechanical damage. Their sorting technologies reflect the development level of mechanization and modernization in primary agricultural product processing. To address this, a comprehensive review of the research status and development trends of sorting technologies and equipment for thin-skinned fruits and vegetables at home and abroad was presented. Focusing on the structural and morphological characteristics of thin-skinned fruits and vegetables, an in-depth analysis and summary of representative sorting technologies and equipment was conducted from different aspects, including biomechanical properties, sorting technology principles, design and application of key devices in sorting equipment. Particular emphasis was placed on innovative design methods for technical equipment aimed at reducing material damage and improving the detection accuracy of internal and external qualities of thin-skinned fruits and vegetables. Finally, targeting the existing problems in sorting technologies and equipment for thin-skinned fruits and vegetables in China, it was proposed that the adaptability to irregularly shaped fruits and vegetables, the universality and personalization of detection models, and lightweight, efficient, and fully automated equipment would be important development directions for sorting technologies and equipment for thin-skinned fruits and vegetables in the future.