基于生态安全格局的成渝双城经济圈生态保护修复关键区域识别

Identification of Key Areas for Ecological Protection and Restoration in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle Based on Ecological Security Pattern

摘要:

生态保护修复对于维护国家生态安全至关重要，当前国土空间规划所面临的挑战为科学且合理地确定重点生态保护修复区域。本文以成渝双城经济圈为研究区域，2020年土地利用类型数据为基础数据，利用MSPA-InVEST-Conefor研究模式筛选生态源地，并采用MCR模型构建阻力面以提取生态廊道，生态源地和生态廊道共同构成基础生态安全格局。基于电路理论提取生态夹点、生态障碍点及生态断裂点，最后通过分级方法和叠加分析方法识别出生态保护修复关键区域。结果表明：生态源地总面积为27363.30km2，占全域总面积的14.50%；生态廊道共62条，廊道总长度为5090.92km。生态夹点总面积2260.58km2，其中1级生态夹点196处；生态障碍点总面积4555.50km2，其中1级生态障碍点124处；生态断裂点共1154处，其中铁路断裂点138处、高速路断裂点557处、主干路断裂点459处。基于提取和识别出的各空间要素，结合自然条件和相关政策等，构建“四区”“四屏”“六廊”的成渝双城经济圈生态安全格局。根据生态保护修复关键区域提出有针对性的生态保护修复策略，促进生态系统自我调节与恢复，可为生态系统良性发展提供参考。

Abstract:

Ecological protection and restoration is crucial to the maintenance of national ecological security, and the challenge of national spatial planning is to scientifically and rationally determine the key ecological protection and restoration areas. Taking the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle as the study area, and the 2020 land use type data as the basic data, the MSPA-InVEST-Conefor research model was utilized to screen the ecological source areas, and the MCR model was adopted to construct the resistance surface in order to extract the ecological corridors, which together constituted the basic ecological security pattern. The ecological source areas and ecological corridors together constituted the basic ecological security pattern. Based on the circuit theory, the ecological pinch points, ecological obstacle points and ecological break points were extracted, and finally, the key areas for ecological protection and restoration were identified by the hierarchical method and superposition analysis. The results showed that the total area of ecological source area was 27363.30km2, accounting for 14.50% of the total area of the whole region;there were 62 ecological corridors, with a total length of 5090.92km;the total area of ecological pinch points was 2260.58km2, of which there were 196 level 1 ecological pinch points;the total area of ecological obstacles was 4555.50km2, of which there were 124 level 1 ecological obstacles;and there were 1154 breakpoints, including 138 railroad breakpoints, 557 highway breakpoints and 459 main road breakpoints. Based on the extracted and identified spatial elements, combined with the natural conditions and relevant policies, the ecological security pattern of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle was constructed with“four zones”, “four screens” and “six corridors”. Targeted ecological protection and restoration strategies were proposed according to the key areas of ecological protection and restoration to promote the self-regulation and restoration of the ecosystem, which can provide a reference basis for the benign development of the ecosystem.