大型联合收获机田间作业工况轮耦合试验方法研究

Wheel Coupling Testing Method for Field Operating Conditions of Large Combine Harvester

摘要:

联合收获机田间作业工况环境复杂，土壤-机器-物料间互作产生的复杂激励使整机耐久性和可靠性面临巨大考验，因此，在实验室条件下实现联合收获机运行状态有效模拟对于提升整机耐久性验证的规范性具有重要意义。本文开展了基于轮耦合试验台的联合收获机整机耐久性试验方法探究，搭建了用于评估田间作业地面激励的载荷数据采集系统，基于实测数据开展不同工况下整机振动特性分析，建立了联合收获机轮耦合台架试验流程并针对典型作业工况进行了台架试验模拟验证。结果表明，联合收获机收获作业工况下各目标迭代通道载荷模拟精度均在91%以上，模拟载荷信号与实测载荷信号具有一致的功率谱密度分布特征，此外，反映地面垂向激励各底盘应变通道伪损伤比值均能够达到试验要求（50%~200%）。综上所述，轮耦合试验台具备联合收获机垂向激励载荷模拟加载能力，可为农机领域结构耐久性试验提供技术支撑。

Abstract:

The field working conditions of combine harvester are complex, and the interactions between soil, machine, and material create complex excitations, which pose a significant challenge to the durability and reliability of the whole machine. Therefore, effectively simulating the operating conditions of the combine harvester under laboratory conditions is crucial for enhancing the standardization of durability verification. The durability testing method for the entire combine harvester was explored based on the wheel coupling test bench. A load data acquisition system was developed to assess the field operation surface excitation. Vibration characteristic analysis of the whole machine under different operating conditions was carried out based on the measured data. A test procedure for the combine harvester wheel coupling test rig was established, and bench test simulations were conducted for the typical operating condition. The results showed that the simulation accuracy of the load data for each target iterative channel under the harvesting operation conditions of the combine harvester was above 91%. The simulated load signal and the measured load signal had consistent power spectral density distribution characteristics. Furthermore, the pseudo-damage reproduction ratio of each chassis strain channel reflecting the vertical road excitation met the experimental requirements of 50%~200%. In conclusion, the wheel coupling test bench was capable of simulating and applying vertical excitation loads for the combine harvester, offering more convenient technical support for structural durability testing in the agricultural machinery field.