播深自动调控稻麦联合播种机设计与试验

Design and Test of Rice and Wheat Combined Seeder of Sowing Depth Automatic Control

摘要:

针对长江中下游地区因田地崎岖不平导致稻麦种子播种深度不稳定的问题，设计了2BFGL-19型播深自动调控稻麦联合播种机，该机具通过双侧播深监测装置实时获取田地起伏信息，并将其转化为液压系统控制指令，进而驱动播深调控装置动态调整左右倾斜角度，确保开沟器在不同坡度的田地上，始终保持稳定的开沟深度，实现精准播种作业。对播深调控装置和播深监测装置等关键部件进行设计，基于播深自动调控原理搭建了液压传动及控制系统。通过对两侧播深监测装置运动分析，在地面倾斜临界角为3°的前提下，得到接触片至前、后触模块的距离分别为19.07mm和12.29mm。以各行排种量一致性变异系数为评价指标，开展了规范性动态试验，以播种深度合格率及播种均匀性变异系数为评价指标，开展了田间试验。试验结果表明，当试验机作业速度为0.6～1.2m/s时，各行排种量一致性变异系数平均值为3.44%；播种深度合格率为87.04%；播种均匀性变异系数平均值为22.86%。各项指标均达到谷物播种机械作业质量标准，对比原型机综合性能有所提升，试验结果满足设计要求。

Abstract:

For the problem of unstable sowing depth of rice and wheat seeds due to the unevenness of the fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the 2BFGL-19 sowing depth automatic regulation rice and wheat combined seeder was developed, which can monitor and automatically adjust the sowing depth in real time. The key components such as the sowing depth control device and the sowing depth monitoring device were designed, and the hydraulic transmission and control system was established based on the principle of sowing depth automatic control. Through the motion analysis of the sowing depth monitoring device on both sides, the relation between the sloping ground and the distance from the touch plate to the front and rear touch modules was obtained. On the premise that the critical angle of the sloping ground was 3°, the distance from the touch plate to the front and rear touch modules ware 19.07mm and 12.29mm. The coefficient of variation of the consistency of the sowing amount of each row was taken as the evaluation index, the standard dynamic test was carried out. The test results showed that when the test machine worked at speed of 0.6m/s to 1.2m/s, the average coefficient of variation of the consistency of the sowing amount of each row was 3.44%, and the sowing amount consistency of the machine was good. Taking into account the working efficiency, when the working speed was 0.8m/s, the coefficient of variation of consistency of sowing amount of each row of the test machine was 3.24%, which was better than 3.62% of the prototype machine, and the test machine had better sowing stability at this speed section. The qualified rate of sowing depth and the coefficient of variation of sowing uniformity was taken as the evaluation index. The field test was carried out. The test results showed that the qualified rate of sowing depth was 87.04%, the average coefficient of variation of sowing uniformity was 22.86%. All indexes met the operation quality of grain drill standards, compared with the prototype machine, the comprehensive performance of the test machine was improved. The test results met the design requirements.