不同CO2施肥方式对设施葡萄光合作用与产量的影响

Effects of Different CO2 Fertilization Methods on Photosynthesis and Yield of Greenhouse Grapes

摘要:

为探究不同CO2施肥方式对设施葡萄光合作用和产量的影响，以欧亚种葡萄‘弗雷无核’为试验对象，结合加气灌溉技术和CO2注气系统，利用封闭式人工气室，设置CO2加气灌溉施肥（结合加气地下滴灌管道施加CO2，IW）、CO2传统施肥（利用化学反应袋施加CO2，TW）、不施肥（空白对照组，CK）3种处理，测定不同CO2施肥方式下葡萄叶片光合色素含量、光合生理特性、叶片酶活性及果实产量。结果表明：在同一灌水周期内，2种CO2施肥方式均显著提高了设施葡萄叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素a含量与叶绿素b含量比值（叶绿素a/b）、类胡萝卜素含量、净光合速率和水分利用效率，其中IW处理增效显著高于TW处理。在同一灌水周期内IW处理均显著降低了葡萄气孔导度和蒸腾速率。IW处理葡萄光饱和点和最大净光合速率分别比CK处理高18.4%和21.0%，光补偿点则降低13.3%。此外，IW处理显著提高了叶片CO2饱和点、CO2补偿点、超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase, SOD）、过氧化氢酶（Catalase, CAT）、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase, POD）和二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶（Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, Rubisco）酶活性，且葡萄产量最高，为13875.61kg/hm2。综上所述，CO2加气灌溉施肥方式显著提升了设施葡萄叶片光合色素含量和光合性能，提高了葡萄产量，且效果最佳。该研究结果可为设施葡萄生产中CO2施肥技术应用提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Aiming to investigate the effects of different CO2 fertilization methods on photosynthesis and yield of grapes in facilities, the Eurasian grape variety ‘Flame seedless’ was used as the experimental object, combined with aerated irrigation technology and CO2 injection system, a closed artificial chamber was used to set up three different CO2 fertilization methods: CO2 aerated irrigation fertilization (combined with underground drip irrigation pipeline CO2 application, IW), CO2 traditional fertilization (using chemical reaction bag CO2 application, TW), and no fertilization (blank control group, CK). The photosynthetic pigment content of grape leaves, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, leaf enzyme activity, and fruit yield under different CO2 fertilization methods were measured. The results showed that within the same irrigation cycle, both CO2 fertilization methods significantly increased the photosynthetic pigment content, ratio of chlorophyll a content to chlorophyll b content (chlorophyll a/b), net photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency of greenhouse grape leaves. Among them, the efficiency of CO2 aerated irrigation fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that of traditional fertilization treatment. CO2 aerated irrigation and fertilization treatment significantly reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration rate within the same irrigation cycle. The light saturation point and maximum net photosynthetic rate of grapes treated with CO2 aerated irrigation and fertilization were 18.4% and 21.0% higher than those of the CK control, respectively, while the light compensation point was decreased by 13.3%. In addition, CO2 aerated irrigation and fertilization treatment significantly increased leaf CO2 saturation point, CO2 compensation point, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) enzyme activities, and the highest grape yield was 13875.61kg/hm2. In summary, the CO2 aerated irrigation and fertilization method significantly improved the photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic performance of greenhouse grape leaves, improved grape yield and quality, and had the best effect. This research result can provide a certain theoretical basis for the application of CO2 fertilization technology in future facility grape production.