中国苹果主产省苹果生产水足迹动态演变

Dynamic Evolution of Water Footprint in Apple Production in Major Apple-producing Provinces of China

摘要:

为揭示中国苹果生产水资源消耗的时空变化规律及其经济效益，基于CLIMWAT 2.0和CROPWAT 8.0软件，计算了2003—2022年中国苹果主产省苹果生产水足迹，并运用通径分析、重心迁移法和水足迹效益评价等方法，深入剖析了苹果生产水足迹时空变化的关键因素及其经济效益。结果表明，中国苹果主产省苹果生产水足迹在时间上呈先上升后下降发展趋势，空间上则呈“西高东低”格局。主产省年均苹果生产水足迹为1.41×1010m3，其中蓝、绿、灰水足迹分别占20.5%、52.1%、27.4%，绿水足迹主导变化。进一步分析表明，农药使用量、农业机械总动力和农业用水量是影响苹果总水足迹的三大核心因素，且农业机械总动力、相对湿度、农药使用量分别对水足迹具有正向驱动作用。此外，水足迹产值呈下降趋势，表明苹果生产的水足迹经济效益有待提升。基于此，建议各苹果主产省优化种植布局与结构，推广节水灌溉技术，提升水资源利用效率，推动苹果产业绿色可持续发展。

Abstract:

Aiming to reveal the spatio-temporal variation patterns of water consumption and economic benefits in apple production in China, the water footprint of apple production in major apple-producing provinces from 2003 to 2022 was calculated based on CLIMWAT 2.0 and CROPWAT 8.0 software. Path analysis, gravity center migration method and water footprint benefit evaluation were employed to deeply analyze the key factors influencing the spatio-temporal variation of water footprint in apple production and its economic benefits. The results showed that the water footprint of apple production in major apple-producing provinces in China was increased first and then decreased over time, and presented a pattern of “high in the west and low in the east” in space. The average annual water footprint of apple production in major apple-producing provinces was 1.41×1010m3, among which blue, green and grey water footprints accounted for 20.5%, 52.1% and 27.4%, respectively, with green water footprint being the dominant factor. Further analysis indicated that the amount of pesticide used, total power of agricultural machinery and agricultural water consumption were the three core factors affecting the total water footprint of apple production, and total power of agricultural machinery, relative humidity and the amount of pesticide used had positive driving effects on water footprint. In addition, the output value of water footprint showed a downward trend, indicating that the economic benefits of water footprint in apple production needed to be improved. Based on this, it was suggested that the major apple-producing provinces should optimize the planting layout and structure, promote water-saving irrigation technologies, improve water resource utilization efficiency, and promote the green and sustainable development of the apple industry.