变幅摆振式甘草收获机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Variable Amplitude Oscillation Licorice Harvester

摘要:

针对直播甘草机械化收获作业存在的深根挖掘阻力大、大土量分离能耗高、收获作业效率低等问题，设计了变幅摆振式甘草收获机。阐述了整机结构与工作原理，设计了激振装置、挖掘分离装置等关键部件，建立了铲栅工作面特征点的运动学、动力学方程，分析了特征点的运动特性并研究了各参数对作业性能的影响；根据土壤破碎理论建立了铲栅工作面碰撞冲击作用下的土壤单元破碎能耗方程，明确了新增破碎面积与作业参数间的数学关系；分析明确了圆盘切割装置的运动特性并探讨了其对浅层甘草的切断作用。田间试验结果表明：甘草收获机作业过程流畅，能够一次性完成含草土垡挖掘破碎、草土混合物分散分离、甘草运移铺放等工序；当振幅10mm、振动频率9Hz、前进速度0.07m/s时，甘草收获机收获深度约609mm、甘草收净率96.38%、牵引阻力约95kN、有效驱动转矩约1185N·m、总功率约75kW，满足直播甘草收获要求。

Abstract:

Due to the high resistance of deep-root excavation, high energy consumption for large soil separation, and low efficiency in licorice harvesting, the variable amplitude oscillation licorice harvester was designed. Combined with the conditions of direct seeding licorice harvesting and the basis of previous research, the working conditions of the excitation device, excavation and separation device and rotary cutting device were clarified, and the dimensions of each key component were determined. The structure model of licorice harvester was constructed, and the working principles of the key components were analyzed. Response curves of trajectories and throw coefficients of the shovel fence working surface were solved, the kinetic equation of the shovel fence working surface was established, and the key factors affecting the licorice harvesting effect were identified. According to the soil breaking theory, the energy consumption equation of soil unit breaking through the shovel fence working surface was solved, and the mathematical model of additional breaking area and working parameters was obtained. The movement characteristics of the rotary cutting device and its cutting action on the surface licorice were analyzed. The results of the field test showed that the smooth working of the variable amplitude oscillation licorice harvester enabled vibratory crushing of the licorice-soil complex, transport and efficient separation of the licorice-soil mixture. At an amplitude of 10mm, a vibration frequency of 9Hz, and a forward speed of 0.07m/s, the licorice harvester excavation depth was 609mm, the licorice harvesting rate was 96.38%, the traction resistance was about 95kN, the effective drive torque was about 1185N·m, and the total working power was about 75kW. The research result can provide a method reference for the development of energy-saving and efficient licorice harvesting machine.