履带自走式单行茭白收获机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Crawler Self-propelled Single-row Harvester for Zizania latifolia

摘要:

针对茭白产业人工收获劳动强度大、成本高且机械化收获技术与装备缺乏等问题，在分析茭白种植农艺、植株特性与机械化收获要求基础上，对茭白机械化收获关键技术进行了研究，并设计了一种履带自走式单行茭白收获机，可一次性完成茎秆切割、夹持输送、割叶、壳茭收集等工序，实现了茭白机械化收获。阐述了整机结构与工作原理，开展了履带动力底盘、双圆盘刀切割装置、夹持提升输送装置、纵向输送割叶装置等关键零部件结构设计与理论分析，确定了主要结构与工作参数。完成了样机试制并开展了田间试验，试验结果表明，收获机在茭田的行驶性能和通过性较好，当机器前进速度约为0.4m/s、夹持输送速度约为0.7m/s、双圆盘刀切割装置液压马达转速设置为500r/min时，平均总损失率为5.2%，平均壳茭损伤率为7.3%，平均作业生产率为0.14hm2/h，收获机各关键部件运行稳定，收获效果较好，满足茭白机械化收获要求。

Abstract:

In order to ameliorate the current situation of high labor intensity and cost of manual harvesting, lack of mechanized harvesting technology and equipment in Zizania latifolia industry, the key technologies of mechanized harvesting of Zizania latifolia were developed based on the planting agronomy, plant characters and requirements of mechanized harvesting. A crawler self-propelled single-row harvester for Zizania latifolia was developed which can complete the cutting, conveying, blade cutting, and collection processes in one go, achieving mechanized harvesting of Zizania latifolia. The structure and working principle of the harvester were elaborated, and the key components such as tracked crawler power chassis, double-disc cutting device, clamping and conveying device, vertical conveying and blade cutting device were designed based on the theoretical analysis. In addition, the main structural and working parameters of the harvester were determined. Finally, the Zizania latifolia harvester was developed, and field experiments were carried out. Field test results showed that the driving performance and passing ability of the Zizania latifolia harvester in the Zizania latifolia field were good. When the working speed was approximately 0.4m/s, the clamping and conveying speed was approximately 0.7m/s, and the motor driving speed of the double-disc cutting device was 500r/min, respectively, the success rate of cutting was 100%, the average total loss rate was 5.2%, the average damage rate of shelled Zizania latifolia was 7.3%, and the average work efficiency was 0.14hm2/h. Moreover, the working parts of the harvester worked stably and showed a good effect, which indicated that the harvester prototype can basically meet he requirements for mechanized harvesting of Zizania latifolia. The research result can provide ways for the design and improvement of mechanized harvesting equipment for Zizania latifolia.