棉花精量播种机播种监测系统设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Seeding Monitoring System for Cotton Precision Planters

摘要:

棉花田间播种过程中常有漏播情况发生，人工监测难以保证精度，且劳动量大，目前针对棉花精量穴播机播种监测研究较少，难以有效地监测穴播器取种状态。本文提出了一种基于光纤传感和电感传感耦合的多源数据获取精量播种参数的监测方法，相比传统监测方法具有更高的精度和安装灵活性。播种监测系统以光纤传感器和电感式传感器为信号捕获源，采用LabVIEW软件作为控制平台，工控机为监测控制终端，完成了播种监测系统硬件、软件等设计，开展了信号滤波、数据采集计算模块设计，实现对播种量、漏播量、成穴数、漏播率、作业速度等播种作业参数的实时监测。台架试验标定了光纤传感器光强度挡位和阈值，获得黑色取种齿盘背景下最优光强度挡位和阈值；检验了电感式传感器监测精度，成穴数台架试验监测精度大于98.21%。田间试验结果表明，当播种机前进速度为2.5~3.8km/h时，成穴数监测精度不小于98.10%，播种量监测精度不小于98.21%，漏播量监测精度不小于95.00%，监测系统监测精度高，可用于实际播种作业。研究结果对提升棉花播种智能化程度，实现棉花产业提质增效具有重要意义。

Abstract:

During cotton field sowing, missed seeding frequently occurs, and manual monitoring struggles to ensure accuracy while imposing high labor demands. However, current research on seeding monitoring for cotton precision hill-drop planters remains limited, particularly in effectively tracking the seed pickup status of hill-drop planter. To address these challenges, a multi-source data monitoring method was proposed based on coupled fiber optic and inductive sensing, which offered superior accuracy and installation flexibility compared with traditional approaches. The developed monitoring system employed fiber optic sensors and inductive sensors as signal acquisition sources, with LabVIEW software as the control platform and an industrial computer as the monitoring terminal. The hardware and software designs of the system were completed, including signal filtering and data acquisition/calculation modules, enabling real-time monitoring of critical sowing parameters such as seeding quantity, missed seeding count, cavitation number, missed seeding rate, and operational speed. Bench tests calibrated the light intensity levels and thresholds of the fiber optic sensors, identifying optimal settings under black seed pickup disc conditions. The inductive sensors achieved a monitoring accuracy exceeding 98.21% for hill-drop counts in bench tests. Field trials demonstrated that the system maintained a hill-drop count accuracy no less than 98.10%, seeding quantity accuracy no less than 98.21%, and missed seeding accuracy no less than 95.00% at forward speeds of 2.5km/h to 3.8km/h. The high-precision monitoring system proved suitable for practical sowing operations, offering significant potential for enhancing cotton sowing intelligence and improving cotton industry efficiency.