玉米高速精量排种器轮式导种装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Wheel-type Seed Guide Device for High-speed Maize Precision Seed Metering Apparatus

摘要:

针对高速播种作业工况下种子运移不稳定的问题，本文提出了一种轮式导种装置，以玉米高速精量排种器作为载体，阐明了该导种装置工作原理，分析了该装置对排种器排种性能的影响机理。在此基础上开展了单因素试验，探究了轮式导种装置底座约束运移弧面圆心角、导种轮转速对排种性能的影响。基于高速摄像技术对不同结构与工况下玉米种子运动进行轨迹与速度分析。结果表明：约束运移弧面圆心角的增大提高了玉米种子投种稳定性，使投种速度更加稳定；采用两因素三水平正交试验得到轮式导种装置最佳工作参数为约束运移弧面圆心角65°、导种轮转速120r/min，此时，合格指数为98.35%，变异系数为8.13%，重播率为1.18%，漏播率为0.47%。研究结果为机械式导种装置研发提供参考，同时为提高高速作业下排种质量机理探究提供借鉴。

Abstract:

Aiming at the instability issue of seed transportation under high-speed seeding operations, a wheel-type seed guide device was proposed. Using a high-speed precision seed-metering device for maize as the test platform, the operational principle of this guide device was elucidated. Furthermore, the mechanism affecting seeding performance was systematically analyzed through kinematic modeling and discrete element simulations. In a single-factor test, the effects of the circle centre angle of the constrained transport arc surface at the base of the wheel-type seed guide device and the rotational speed of the seed guide wheel on the seed metering performance were investigated. High speed camera technology was used to analyze the trajectories and discharge velocity of maize seeds at various levels of factors. The findings demonstrated that an elevation in the circle centre angle of the constraint transport arc surface enhanced the stability of maize seed discharge, resulting in a more uniform discharge velocity. A multi-factor test was used to determine the optimum operating parameters of the wheel-type seed guide device. The optimal parameters were determined to be a circle centre angle of the constraint transport arc surface of 65° and the seed guide wheel rotational speed of 120r/min. Multi-factor test results indicated that the qualified rate was 98.35%, the coefficient of variation was 8.13%, the multiple rate was 1.18%, and the miss rate was 0.47% under the optimal operating condition. This research can provide a reference for the investigation and development of the mechanical seed guide device, and also a reference for investigating the mechanism for improving high-speed seed metering performance.