育苗穴盘错位层叠储运式摆放机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Seedling Tray Dislocation Stacking Storage and Transportation Placement Machine

摘要:

针对小型育苗场内地面摆放软质穴盘劳动强度大、人工费用高的问题，提出了一种穴盘错位层叠存储形式，有效解决了穴盘层叠存储基质土受压及种子移位的问题；设计了错位解垛装置和平移-回转关节变换式摆放装置，实现了育苗穴盘的错位解垛与摆放功能；研发了一种育苗穴盘错位层叠储运式摆放机，并对机器的关键部件进行了设计计算与工作情况分析。通过单因素试验确定优化试验中各因素选取范围，进行Box-Behnken Design响应面优化试验设计，探究了穴盘托板倾角、穴盘托板前端离地高度、平移-回转关节变换式摆放装置中的丝杠滑块下降速度、整机移动速度4个试验因素对摆正合格率、纵向偏距合格率、横向偏距合格率3个评价指标的影响规律，利用Design-Expert 13.0软件对试验结果进行参数优化，为验证优选出的组合参数的可靠性，考虑机器的实际工作参数，设定优选出的摆盘参数为：穴盘托板倾角28.0°、穴盘托板前端离地高度44.5mm、丝杠滑块下降速度38.5mm/s、整机移动速度59.0mm/s进行试验验证，可得摆正合格率93.3%、纵向偏距合格率93.3%、横向偏距合格率94.4%，与预测值误差绝对值均小于5%，试验与优化结果基本一致，满足穴盘摆放农艺要求。

Abstract:

In view of the problem that the seeds are easy to be squeezed and displaced after the transportation and placement of soft trays in vegetable seedling raising, a kind of dislocation stacking storage and transportation machine for seedling trays was designed. In order to avoid the compression of the matrix soil and the displacement of the seeds, a storage form of dislocation stacking of the tray was innovatively proposed, and the key components of the machine were designed and calculated, and the hardware selection and software design of the control system were completed. The selection range of each factor in the optimization test was determined by single factor test, and the Box-Behnken Design response surface optimization test design was carried out. The influence of four test factors, such as the dumping angle of the tray support plate, the height of the front end of the tray support plate, the descending speed of the screw slider in the translation-rotation joint conversion placement device and the moving speed of the whole machine, on the three evaluation indexes of the qualified rate of the declination pass rate, the longitudinal deflection distance and the transverse deflection distance was explored. The Design-Expert 13.0 software was used to optimize the parameters of the test results to verify the reliability of the optimized combination parameters. Considering the actual working parameters of the machine, the optimized pendulum parameters were set as the dumping angle of the tray support plate of 28.0°, the height of the front end of the tray support plate from the ground of 44.5mm, the descending speed of the screw slider of 38.5mm/s, and the moving speed of the whole machine of 59.0mm/s. The pass rate of above parameters were 93.3%, 93.3% and 94.4%, respectively. The absolute value of the error between the predicted value and the predicted value was less than 5%. The test and optimization results were basically the same, which met the agronomic requirements of the tray placement.