茄果类蔬菜立式半自动嫁接机设计与试验

Vertical Semi-automatic Grafting Machine Design and Test for Solanaceae Vegetables

摘要:

目前适于我国生产的蔬菜种苗高效嫁接机型较匮乏。设计了一种茄果类蔬菜立式半自动嫁接机。机器由六工位旋转工作台、同步切削、对苗上夹、回栽等关键机构组成，砧穗木在上苗工位采用上下叠层垂直布局，单人进行上苗操作后，机器自动完成切削、上夹和回栽。通过ADAMS-ABAQUS建立了砧穗木夹持机构的刚柔耦合模型，仿真结果表明，相较于刚性夹持，柔性夹持能有效降低对苗的夹持力，夹持力最大降幅为84.5%。进一步开展夹持机构的三因素三水平正交优化试验，得出影响嫁接成功率最优结构参数组合为：夹持弹片厚度0.6mm、工作气压 0.3MPa、弹片连接长度10mm；此时，嫁接机平均成功率为97.3%，平均嫁接效率为717株/h，是人工嫁接效率的2倍，满足工厂化茄果类蔬菜育苗自动化嫁接作业需求。

Abstract:

At present, vegetable seedling grafting labor problems highlighted, and efficient grafting model which is suitable for our production was more scarce, thus a tomato vegetable vertical semi-automatic grafting machine was innovatively designed. The machine consisted of a six-station rotary table, synchronized cutting, seedling clamping, back to planting and other key institutions, scion and rootstock seedling position by using the upper and lower stacked vertical layout, a single person can be on the anvil scion seedling, the machine can automatically complete the seedling clamping cutting, clamping and back to planting into the hole operations. The rigid-flexible coupling model of the grafted seedling flexible clamping hand was established by ADAMS-ABAQUS, and the simulation analysis showed that the designed flexible clamping mechanism can effectively reduce the stress on the clamped seedling compared with the rigid clamping, and the maximum clamping force was reduced by 84.5%, which helped to realize low-loss clamping. Further three-factor and three-level orthogonal optimization test of the clamping end was carried out, and the optimal structural combination of parameters affecting the grafting success rate of the clamping end was found to be as follows: the thickness of the clamping shrapnel was 0.6mm, the working air pressure was 0.3MPa, and the length of the shrapnel connection was 10mm. At this time, the average success rate of the grafting machine was 97.3%, and the average grafting efficiency was 717 plants/h, which was twice as much as that of the manual grafting efficiency, and it can meet the requirements for the automated planting of eggplant and fruit vegetables in the factory. It met the demand for automated grafting in factory planting of eggplant and fruit vegetables.