农业装备领域离散元法应用研究进展

Research Status and Progress of Discrete Element Method Applications in Agricultural Equipment

摘要:

离散元法是研究农业装备作业机理及机具参数优化设计的重要方法之一，其通过可靠的模型构建实现农业装备-农业物料互作关系仿真。近年来，国内外学者借助离散元法建立了系列农业物料模型，对农业生产各环节中农业装备与农业物料相互作用的离散元仿真分析取得了新进展。本文总结了土壤、种子、茎秆、肥料等常见农业物料的离散元模型构建技术与关键参数标定方法，综述了耕整地、播种、田间管理、收获及农产品加工与贮藏等农业装备典型作业环节中离散元法的应用案例，以及基于离散元仿真开展的农业装备参数优化设计研究。分析了离散元法在农业装备领域应用中存在的主要问题，包括模型精度和通用性有待提高、模拟仿真速度有待提升及离散元的耦合仿真有待拓展等，最后对离散元法在农业装备领域的未来发展进行了展望，包括：提高模型精度和通用性，加强基础理论和本征模型研究，提高仿真效率，拓展与其他方法的耦合应用。

Abstract:

Discrete element method (DEM) has emerged as an important approach for investigating the operational mechanisms of agricultural equipment and optimizing their operation and structure parameters. By establishing reliable numerical models, DEM enables the simulation of interactions between agricultural equipment and agricultural materials. In recent years, scholars worldwide have developed a series of agricultural material models using DEM, achieving significant progress in simulating equipment-material interactions across various agricultural processes. The DEM modeling technologies and key parameter calibration methods for typical agricultural materials were systematically reviewed, such as soil, seeds, crop straw, fertilizers, etc. It summarized application cases of DEM in critical agricultural operations of tillage, seeding, crop management, harvesting, and post-harvest processing and storage, and equipment design research based on DEM simulations. Current challenges were critically examined: limited model accuracy and versatility across diverse soil textures and crop varieties, computational inefficiency in large-scale field simulations, insufficient coupling application with other numerical methods such as DEM-CFD, DEM-MBD and DEM-FEM. Future research directions of the application of DEM in agricultural equipment research was proposed, including improve model accuracy and universality, enhance research on basic theory and intrinsic model, increase simulation efficiency and expand its use coupling with other methods.