东北黑土地保护性用养技术与装备研究进展

Research Progress of Protective Utilization and Maintenance Technology and Machine in Northeast Black Land of China

摘要:

东北黑土地保护性用养技术主要包括保护性耕作和地力培育等技术。本文在综述保护性用养技术应用面积、技术模式和实施效应的基础上，重点阐述了免少耕播种、深松、秸秆还田和有机肥施用关键技术的工作原理、技术特点，并分析归纳了现有保护性用养技术模式及配套机具的发展动态。结合黑土地保护与利用的研究进展与发展需求，在厘清当前黑土地保护性用养技术与机具发展存在的主要问题基础上，从加强基础理论研究、突破关键技术瓶颈、提升保护性用养技术与机具智能化、加强农机农艺融合和因地制宜发展黑土地保护性用养技术体系等方面展望了未来的发展方向。

Abstract:

The protective utilization and cultivation technology system for Northeast China’s black soil region primarily encompasses conservation tillage and soil fertility cultivation practices. While developing black soil agricultural production and ensuring national food security, this technology can solidify soil and improve soil properties, maintain ecosystem health and stability. It is the core technical means to promote the protection and utilization of black soil. The application coverage, technical frameworks, and implementation impacts of protective utilization and cultivation technology system for Northeast China’s black soil region were systematically reviewed. It specifically elucidated the operational mechanisms and technical characteristics of core technologies, including no/minimum tillage seeding, subsoil, straw mulching, and organic fertilizer application, while critically analyzing the developmental trajectories of existing technical paradigms and associated machinery systems. Building upon advancements and demands in black soil conservation and utilization, the key challenges in current technological and mechanization development were identified. Finally, it proposed future directions from multiple dimensions: strengthening fundamental theoretical research, overcoming critical technical bottlenecks, advancing intelligent conservation-oriented systems, enhancing agronomic-mechanization integration, and establishing regionally adaptive protective utilization and cultivation technology system frameworks. These insights aimed to inform the optimization of protective utilization and cultivation technology system for Northeast China’s black soil region.