侧抛式棉秆粉碎还田装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Side-throwing Cotton Stalk Crushing and Returning Device

摘要:

针对目前棉秆粉碎还田装置作业过程存在棉秆粉碎长度合格率较低、抛撒还田后碎秆易成行堆积、分布不均等问题，设计了一种安装于残膜回收机上的侧抛式棉秆粉碎还田装置。阐述了装置结构及工作原理，对棉秆粉碎装置、侧向输送装置、碎秆抛撒装置等关键部件进行了结构设计与作业性能分析，初步确定了关键部件结构与作业参数。对碎秆抛撒装置进行离散元仿真研究，验证其可提高碎秆还田效果。设计了侧抛式棉秆粉碎还田装置，并安装至残膜回收机上进行三因素三水平二次回归正交田间试验，结果表明最优参数为：机具作业速度8 km/h、粉碎刀轴转速2 000 r/min、螺旋输送器转速1 200 r/min。此时，棉秆粉碎长度合格率为93.96%，抛撒均匀度为86.98%，平均棉秆粉碎长度为116.9 mm，平均留茬高度为71.4 mm，研究结果为棉秆粉碎还田装置优化设计提供了理论基础和支撑。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of low qualified rate of cotton stalk crushing length after operation of cotton stalk crushing and returning device, easy accumulation and uneven distribution of broken stalks after throwing and returning to the field, a side throwing cotton stalk crushing and returning device which can be installed on the residual film recycling machine was designed. The structure and working principle of the device were expounded. The structure design and operation performance analysis of key components such as cotton stalk crushing device, lateral conveying device and broken stalk throwing device were carried out, and the structure and operation parameters of key components were preliminarily determined. The discrete element simulation analysis and experimental design of the straw scattering device were carried out. According to the design scheme, a type of side throwing cotton stalk crushing and returning device was developed and installed on the residual film recycling machine for three-factor and three-level quadratic regression orthogonal field experiment. The results showed that when the forward speed of the machine was 8 km/h, the rotation speed of the crushing knife shaft was 2 000 r/min, and the rotation speed of the screw conveyor was 1 200 r/min, the qualified rate of cotton stalk crushing length was 93.96%, the throwing uniformity was 86.98%, the average cotton stalk crushing length was 116.9 mm, and the average stubble height was 71.4 mm. The machine had the best field operation effect under this parameter combination. The test indexes of the device can meet the design and agronomic requirements, which provided a theoretical basis and support for the structural optimization design of the cotton stalk crushing and returning device.