龙门式宽幅作业平台车架纵梁结构轻量化优化设计

Lightweight Optimization Design of Longitudinal Beam Structure of Gantry Wide-width Work Platform Frame

摘要:

针对农业机械龙门式宽幅作业平台超重问题，开展了结构轻量化设计研究，提出了一种克服结构分析模型复杂度过高的结构轻量化实现方法，并给出了相应的实施流程。首先面向完整模型复杂且细节多的问题，借助代理模型发展了一种等效弹性支撑建模方法，实现了非关键分析区域的分析模型大幅简化，在保证核心区域仿真分析精度的同时有效降低计算成本。进而，面向零部件多样导致的设计参数过多的问题，采用灵敏度分析识别出影响设计区域应力与质量的关键参数。最后，采用响应面优化方法获得了轻量化设计方案。较现有设计，优化后的纵梁结构设计质量减少约1 424 kg，实现整车质量减少 4.31%，结构比质量降为 118.67 kg/kW，同时满足强度和刚度需求，本文所建立的复杂农机平台轻量化设计方法可为龙门式宽幅作业平台的研制提供参考。

Abstract:

Aiming at the issue of overweight in gantry-type wide-span operation platforms for agricultural machinery, research on structural lightweight design was conducted and a method to achieve structural weight reduction was proposed by addressing the high complexity of structural analysis models. The corresponding implementation process was also provided. Firstly, to tackle the complexity and detail density of the complete model, an equivalent elastic support modeling method was developed by using surrogate models, which significantly simplified the analysis model for noncritical regions while ensuring the accuracy of the simulation in the core areas and effectively reducing computational costs. Subsequently, sensitivity analysis was employed to identify key parameters affecting stress and mass in the design, addressing the issue of excessive design parameters resulting from component diversity. Finally, a lightweight design solution was obtained by using response surface optimization. Compared with the existing design, the optimized longitudinal beam structure reduced the mass by approximately 1 424 kg, achieving a 4.31% reduction in total vehicle mass, and the specific mass was decreased to 118.67 kg/kW, while still meeting strength and stiffness requirements. The lightweight design methodology established can provide a foundational approach and reference for the development of gantry-type wide-span operation platforms for agricultural machinery.