低损捋叶式艾草脱叶装置设计与试验优化

Design and Experimental Optimization of Low-destruction Leaf-pulling Artemisia argyi Defoliation Device

摘要:

针对艾草人工脱叶劳动强度大、现有机械脱叶装置损伤率高、作业效率低等问题，开展了基于DEM-MBD的低损捋叶式艾草脱叶装置设计与试验优化研究。首先，建立了脱叶装置运动学和动力学模型，通过理论分析对输送带、压茎带、捋叶齿、拉茎对辊等关键部件进行了结构设计。其次，通过EDEM?RecurDyn耦合开展了脱叶装置联合仿真，验证了装置设计的合理性，并确定影响艾草脱叶的主要作业参数及其取值范围。最后，以捋叶孔隙高度、输送滚筒转速和拉茎辊转速为试验因素，艾叶脱净率、损伤率、含杂率为评价指标开展样机试验，并利用Design-Expert软件分析最优作业参数。结果表明，当最优参数组合为捋叶孔隙高度6.8 mm、输送滚筒转速25 r/min、拉茎对辊转速383.7 r/min时，艾叶脱净率、损伤率、含杂率分别为83.59%、4.27%、4.74%，满足艾草脱叶要求。

Abstract:

To address the issues of high labor intensity in manual defoliation, high damage rates，and low operational efficiency in existing mechanical de-leafing devices for Artemisia argyi, the design and experimental optimization of a low-destruction leaf-pulling defoliation device based on DEM?MBD were conducted. Firstly, the kinematic and dynamic model of the defoliating device was established, and the key components such as the conveyor belt, stem-pressing belt, stripping teeth，and stem-pulling rollers were designed through theoretical analysis. Subsequently, the joint simulation of the defoliation device was performed by coupling EDEM ? RecurDyn to verify the rationality of the device design, and the main operation parameters and their value ranges affecting the defoliation of Artemisia argyi were determined. Finally, prototype tests were carried out, with stripping gap height, conveyor roller speed, and stem-pulling roller speed as test factors, while whole-plant de-leafing rate, damage rate, and impurity rate served as evaluation indicators. The results showed that under the optimal parameter combination of a stripping gap height of 6.8 mm，conveyor roller speed of 25 r/min, and stem-pulling roller speed of 383.7 r/min, the removal rate，damage rate, and impurity rate of Artemisia argyi were 83.59%，4.27%, and 4.74%, respectively，meeting the de-leafing requirements for Artemisia argyi.