工业大麻收获机割台设计与试验

Design and Test of Industrial Hemp Cutting Table

摘要:

针对工业大麻机械化收获过程中割台作业性能和割铺质量差、效率低、故障率高、成本高、割台易堵塞和割刀装置易损坏等问题，对扶禾装置进行理论分析，得到了麻秆不被推倒或折断和多株拨送条件下理想状态甩麻转速为 107.17~283.09 r/min;对割刀装置进行了运动学和动力学分析，并设计了配重块平衡曲柄惯性力，配重块质量6.672 kg;基于响应曲面分析法进行田间试验，得到最佳参数组合：甩麻转速为628.08 r/min、行车速度为7.28 km/h、割刀转速为502.73 r/min，此时麻秆铺放角、角度差和根差分别为89.02°、5.16°和17.46 mm;基于最优参数组合，试验测定割台麻秆铺放角为88.20°，角度差为4.95°，根差为18.35 mm，与理论优化值相对误差均不大于4.85%。田间试验结果表明，设计的割台各项性能参数满足标准技术要求，能够实现较好的割铺效果，可以满足工业大麻机械化收获要求。

Abstract:

Aiming at the industrial hemp mechanized harvesting process, the cutting table operating performance and cutting and laying quality is poor, low efficiency, high failure rate, and high cost，the cutting table is easy to be blocked and the cutter device is easy to be damaged, etc., the theoretical analysis of the harvesting device was carried out, and the ideal hemp dumping rotational speed under the conditions of the hemp stalks were not pushed down or broken and multiple plants were dialed for 107.17~283.09 r/min was obtained. Kinematics and dynamics analysis of the cutter device was done, and a counterweight block was designed to balance the inertia force of the crank，the mass of the counterweight block was 6.672 kg;based on the response surface analysis method for field tests, the best combination of parameters were as follows：flinging speed was 628.08 r/min，traveling speed was 7.28 km/h, the cutter speed was 502.73 r/min;at this time, the stalks laying angle, the angle difference and the root difference were respectively 89.02°，5.16° and 17.46 mm;based on the optimal parameter combination, the straw laying angle of the cutting table was 88.20°，the angle difference was 4.95°, and the root difference was 18.35 mm, and the relative errors with the theoretical optimized values were no more than 4.85%. Field test results showed that the designed cutting table performance parameters met the standard technical requirements, which can achieve better cutting and spreading effects, and can meet the industrial hemp mechanized harvesting requirements.