往复式杭白菊采摘装置设计与试验

Design and Testing of Reciprocating Chrysanthemum morifolium Picking Device

摘要:

杭白菊采收一直以人工采摘为主，面向高质量发展要求，亟需开展杭白菊机械化采收关键技术研究，推动产业发展。通过对杭白菊生长特性和采摘要求的深入分析，设计了一种基于曲柄滑块机构的往复式梳齿菊花采摘装置。该装置采用一对偏置式曲柄滑块机构驱动梳齿排进行采摘，通过传动轴传递动力实现两侧曲柄同步转动并利用毛刷将菊花聚拢完成采摘以及输送至料仓中。为优化装置结构和工作参数，首先分析采摘装置工作原理，确定了梳齿和曲柄滑块机构结构参数。随后，基于ADAMS软件建立菊花与采摘装置的刚柔耦合模型，对采摘过程进行仿真，确定了作业深度、曲柄转速和行驶速度为影响采摘效果的3个因素。为了进一步验证设计的有效性，采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验，并对试验数据的多元回归拟合分析，得出各指标回归方程，并优化装置工作参数。试验结果表明，当曲柄转速为 42 r/min、作业深度为216 mm、行驶速度为0.2 m/s时，采摘率为90.06%，破损率为0.59%，含杂率为7.21%。往复式梳齿菊花采摘装置稳定性良好，能够有效提高杭白菊采摘效率，降低劳动强度。

关键词:杭白菊;梳齿;曲柄滑块机构;往复式

Abstract:

Based on an in-depth analysis of the growth characteristics and picking requirements of Chrysanthemum morifolium, a reciprocating comb-tooth chrysanthemum picking device was designed. The device utilized an offset crank-slider mechanism to drive the comb-tooth array for picking and employed brushes to gather and transport the picked chrysanthemums to a collection box.To optimize the structure and working parameters of the device, force analysis and theoretical calculations were conducted to determine the design and parameters of the picking components.Subsequently, a coupled rigid-flexible model of the chrysanthemum and the picking device was established by using ADAMS software for simulation analysis of the picking process. Furthermore, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment was employed to study the effects of crank speed, working depth, and travel speed on picking rate, damage rate, and impurity rate.Multivariate regression fitting analysis of the experimental data yielded regression equations for each indicator and optimized the device′s working parameters. The test results showed that when the crank speed was 42 r/min, the working depth was 216 mm, and the travel speed was 0.2 m/s, the picking rate can reach 90.06%, the damage rate was 0.59%, and the impurity rate was 7.21%. This reciprocating comb-tooth chrysanthemum picking device demonstrated good passability and stability，effectively improving the picking efficiency of Chrysanthemum morifolium and reducing labor intensity. The research result can provide a significant reference for the mechanization of chrysanthemum picking, addressing the issues of traditional manual picking methods which were inefficient and labor-intensive, thereby contributing to the advancement of chrysanthemum harvesting technology.

Key words:Chrysanthemum morifolium;comb-teeth;crank slide mechanism;reciprocating