高速精量播种机带式高速导种装置导种性能红外监测系统研究

Infrared Performance Monitoring System of Belt-type High-speed Seed Guide Device for High-speed Precision Seeder

摘要:

为解决带式高速导种装置导种过程中种带托片与种粒均经过监测点，无法区分脉冲变化特征，导种性能难以监测的问题，研究一种基于红外传感器的带式高速导种装置监测方法并设计了监测系统。利用其导种特性提出了双侧脉冲比较法，设计了带式高速导种装置监测模块硬件电路与软件程序。同时通过对监测系统采样试验结果分析，提出一种基于双侧脉冲值分析与能量掩码平滑算法（Bilateral pulse value analysis and energy masking smoothing algorithm，BPV-EMSA）的带式高速导种装置监测算法。仿真试验表明：该算法减少了原始脉冲的噪声和随机波动，使数据更加平滑稳定并突出了数据主要趋势和模式，同时抑制了瞬态脉冲干扰，提升了数据可解释性和分析准确性。监测系统精度试验结果表明：所设计的带式高速导种装置监测系统在不同作业速度下最高监测精度为97.65%，最低精度为95.99%，系统能够精确采集种粒经过监测点的脉冲变化。监测系统性能评价试验结果表明：播种合格率平均监测差值为2个百分点，播种漏播率平均监测差值为1.45个百分点，播种重播率平均监测差值为0.56个百分点。播种合格率相对差值不大于2.23个百分点，播种漏播率相对差值不大于1.78个百分点，播种重播率相对差值不大于1.00个百分点。该监测方法能够准确监测带式高速导种装置的导种性能。

关键词:高速精量播种机;带式高速导种装置;导种性能监测;红外传感器;信号处理算法

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that the existing seed performance monitoring method is not available for the belt-type high-speed seed guide device, and the seed belt carrier and seed particle cannot be distinguished during the seed casting process, making seed performance difficult to monitor, a monitoring method and system for a belt device based on infrared sensors was studied and designed. The two-sided pulse comparison method was proposed, and the hardware circuit and software process of the monitoring module for the belt-type high-speed guide device were independently designed. At the same time, a belt-speed device monitoring algorithm (bilateral pulse value analysis and energy masking smoothing algorithm, BPV-EMSA) was developed. It reduced the noise and random fluctuations of the original pulse, made the data smoother and more stable, and highlighted the main trends and patterns of the data, while suppressed transient pulse interference and improved the data interpretability and analysis accuracy. The accuracy test results of the monitoring system showed that the monitoring accuracy of the designed belt-type high-speed seed guide device monitoring system was above 95.9% at different operating speeds, with the highest accuracy of 97.65% and the lowest of 95.99%, proving that the system can accurately collect the pulse changes of seed particles through the monitoring point. The results of performance evaluation test of monitoring system showed that the average monitoring error of seeding qualification rate was 2.00 percentage points, the average monitoring error of seeding missed seeding rate was 1.45 percentage points, and the average monitoring error of seeding reseeding rate was 0.56 percentage points. The relative error of seeding pass rate was not more than 2.23 percentage points, the relative error of seeding missed seeding rate was not more than 1.78 percentage points, and the relative error of seeding reseeding rate was not more than 1.00 percentage points. This monitoring method can accurately monitor the seed guide performance of the belt type high-speed seed guide device.

Key words:high-speed precision seeder;belt-type high-speed seed guide device;row performance monitoring;infrared sensor;signal processing algorithm