立式螺旋送土甘蔗宽窄行中耕培土机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Vertical Screw-feeding Cultivator-hiller for Sugarcane in Wide and Narrow Planting Mode

摘要:

甘蔗中耕培土作业质量对促进甘蔗植株生长、抗倒伏、增产等有重要影响。传统等行距甘蔗中耕培土机对宽窄行甘蔗种植模式下的培土效果不佳，易造成窄行蔗垄“火山口”现象。针对上述问题，设计了一种立式螺旋送土甘蔗宽窄行中耕培土机；根据宽窄行种植模式下培土农艺要求，通过理论计算确定了关键部件结构与作业参数范围；采用EDEM软件，以旋耕深度、螺旋输送器转速和作业速度为试验因素，以培土高度和作业功耗为试验指标进行离散元仿真试验，仿真结果表明：旋耕深度、螺旋输送器转速和作业速度对培土高度和作业功耗的影响显著；当作业速度为4km/h时，旋耕深度与螺旋输送器转速交互作用对培土高度影响不显著，对作业功耗影响不显著，获得最优作业参数为：旋耕深度274mm、螺旋输送器转速245r/min。通过样机田间试验验证了仿真结果准确可靠，田间性能试验结果为：平均培土高度134.4mm，培土高度合格率100%，甘蔗损失率4%，除草率90%，培土后窄行蔗丛基部形成龟背垄，无火山口形状，符合宽窄行种植模式下的培土作业要求。

Abstract:

The quality of intertillage and ridging operations in sugarcane has a significant impact on promoting the growth of sugarcane plants, lodging resistance and increasing yield. Traditional sugarcane intertillage ridges with equal row spacing have poor ridging effects on sugarcane planted in the wide-narrow row pattern, which is prone to causing the “volcano mouth” phenomenon in the narrow-row sugarcane ridges. In response to the above problems, a vertical screwfeeding culticator-hiller for sugarcane in widenarrow row was designed;according to the ridging agronomic requirements under the widenarrow row planting pattern, the structure of key components and the range of operation parameters were determined through theoretical calculations;in the context of using EDEM software, the test factors included the rotary tillage depth, screw-feeding device rotation speed, and travel speed, with the ridging height and operation power consumption as the test indicators. The simulation results showed that the rotary tillage depth, screw-feeding machine rotation speed, and travel speed had significant effects on the ridging height and operation power consumption;when the travel speed was 4km/h, the interaction between the rotary tillage depth and the screwfeeding device rotation speed did not significantly affect either the ridging height or the operation power consumption. The optimal operation parameters obtained were as follows: the rotary tillage depth was 274mm and the screw-feeding device rotation speed was 245r/min. Through field tests of the prototype, the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results were verified. The field performance test results were as follows: the average ridging height was 134.4mm, the qualified rate of ridging height was 100%, the sugarcane injury rate was 5%, the weeding rate was 90%, and the narrow rows of canes formed a turtleback ridge at the base after cultivation, without crater shape, which met the ridging operation requirements under the wide-narrow row planting pattern.