功能与空间形态视角下不同主体功能区耕地利用时空分异特征

Spatial-temporal Divergence of Cultivated Land Use in Different Main Functional Areas from Perspective of Functional and Spatial Form

摘要:

明晰不同主体功能区耕地利用功能与空间形态时空分异特征可为耕地可持续管理与利用乃至区域经济社会可持续发展提供科学依据。以湖北省所有区（县）为研究对象，采用社会经济、自然地理等数据对1995—2019年不同主体功能区耕地利用功能与空间形态开展评价并分析时空演化特征。结果表明：1995—2019年耕地利用生产、社会、生态、总功能分别呈倒“N”形、“W”形、“V”形和“V”形的变化特征；生产、生态、总功能表现为鄂中强于鄂西与鄂东地区，社会功能空间分异较小；生产功能在重点发展区和农产品主产区相差不大，却显著强于生态功能区，社会功能在生态功能区最强而重点发展区最弱，生态功能和总功能在农产品主产区最强而在生态功能区最弱。1995—2019年间耕地利用数量、景观格局和空间形态分别呈倒“N”形、“V”形和“N”形变化特征；鄂中地区数量形态值高于鄂西与鄂东地区，而鄂西与鄂东之间差异不大；景观格局、空间形态值呈现鄂中地区最高而鄂西地区最低的分异格局；数量形态值在重点发展区和农产品主产区较高，景观格局形态值和空间形态值由大到小依次为农产品主产区、重点发展区、生态功能区且十分显著。1995—2019年耕地利用总形态值呈“V”形变化态势；在功能和空间形态的叠加影响下，整体呈现出鄂中地区较高，而鄂东和鄂西地区较低的分异格局；主体功能区上由大到小依次为农产品主产区、重点发展区、生态功能区。不同主体功能区在社会经济条件、功能定位、耕地资源禀赋等方面异质性明显，应采取差异化的调控政策，优化耕地利用的功能与空间形态，服务于湖北省耕地可持续利用和经济社会可持续发展。

Abstract:

Studying the spatial-temporal divergence characteristics of cultivated land use functions and spatial forms in different functional areas can provide scientific basis for sustainable management and utilization of cultivated land, as well as regional economic and social sustainable development. Taking all districts (counties) in Hubei Province as the research object, cultivated land use functions and spatial forms of different main functional areas were evaluated from 1995 to 2019 by using data from social economy, natural geography, agricultural production etc., and the spatiot-emporal evolution characteristics were analyzed. The results indicated that from 1995 to 2019, the production, social, ecological and overall functional forms of cultivated land showed characteristics of inverted “N” shaped, “W” shaped, “V” shaped, and “V” shaped changes over time respectively. In terms of spatial distribution characteristics, the production, ecological and overall functions were stronger in western Hubei than that in eastern Hubei, while the spatial differentiation of social functions was relatively small. On the main functional area, the production function was not significantly different between the key development areas and the main agricultural production areas, but it was significantly stronger than the ecological function areas;the social function was the strongest in ecological function areas and the weakest in the key development areas, while the ecological function and overall function were the strongest in the main agricultural production areas and the weakest in the ecological function areas. From 1995 to 2019, the number of cultivated land, landscape pattern, and spatial form exhibited characteristics of inverted “N” shaped, “V” shaped, and “N” shaped changes over time respectively. In terms of spatial distribution characteristics, the quantity form showed that the central Hubei region were stronger than the western and eastern Hubei regions, while there was a little difference between the western and eastern Hubei regions. The landscape pattern and spatial form showed that the central Hubei region was the highest and the western Hubei region was the lowest. The quantity form values were relatively high in the key development areas and the main agricultural production areas, and the landscape pattern and spatial form were manifested as the largest agricultural product production area, followed by key development areas, and the smallest ecological function area, and the phenomenon was very obvious. The overall form of cultivated land use showed a “V” shaped trend over time;in terms of spatial distribution characteristics, under the combined influence of cultivated land use function and spatial form, the overall form of cultivated land use showed a differentiation pattern with the highest in central Hubei and relatively lower in eastern and western Hubei. The main function were manifested as the largest agricultural product production area, followed by key development areas, and the smallest ecological function area. It was recommended that different functional zones had significant heterogeneity in social and economic conditions, functional positioning and cultivated land resource endowment, so differentiated regulatory strategies should be adopted to optimize the functional and spatial forms of cultivated land use, serving the sustainable use of cultivated land and the sustainable development of Hubei Province’s economy and society.