多自由度沙柳平茬收割机切割装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Cutting Device of Multi-degree-of-freedom Sandy Willow Harvester

摘要:

为解决复杂沙地地形下、零散分布状态下沙柳平茬收割作业过程中存在的人工收割劳动强度大、效率低、缺乏机械装备等问题，通过理论分析、正交试验和响应面分析，设计了具有7个自由度的沙柳平茬收割机具和相向外旋式双锯片切割装置，并进行了样机试制与田间性能试验。机具采用液压系统驱动，主要由机架、行走机构、切割装置、伸缩装置和旋转装置等部分组成。正交试验和响应面分析结果表明，锯切转速、进给速度和锯片齿数为影响沙柳茎杆锯切合力和锯切功率的关键因素，锯片齿数和锯切转速是锯切合力和锯切功率的显著影响因素，且锯片齿数和锯切转速、锯片齿数和锯片进给速度的交互作用影响显著。田间试验结果表明，当切割装置作业参数组合为锯片齿数120、进给速度10mm/s、锯切转速1400r/min时，沙柳平茬作业平均破茬率、漏割率、重割率和茬高合格率分别为4.02%、4.19%、0和94.33%，能够满足沙柳机械化平茬生产作业技术要求。

Abstract:

To address the issues of high labor intensity, low efficiency, and lack of mechanical equipment in the harvesting of sandy willow growing in complex sandy terrains and dispersed distributions, the theoretical analysis, orthogonal experiments, response surface analysis, and field test methods were used, a sandy willow cutting harvester with seven degrees of freedom and a counter-rotating dual saw blade cutting device were designed. Subsquently, the prototype was fabricated and subjected to field performance tests. The harvester was driven by a hydraulic system, and it mainly comprised a frame, a walking mechanism, a cutting device, a telescopic device, and a rotating device, etc. The orthogonal experiments results and response surface analysis indicated that the saw blade rotate speed, feed rate, and number of saw blade teeth were key factors affecting the cutting force and power. The number of saw blade teeth and saw blade rotate speed significantly influenced the cutting force and power, as well as the notable interactions between the saw blade teeth and rotate speed, saw blade teeth and feed rate. The field test results showed that, when the cutting device operating parameters were saw blade tooth number of 120, feeding speed of 10mm/s, and sawing speed of 1400r/min the average stubble breakage rate, missed cut rate, re-cut rate, and stubble height qualification rate of the sandy willow harvester were 4.02%, 4.19%, 0, and 94.33%, respectively, meeting the technical requirements for mechanized sandy willow cutting operations.