振动整流式颗粒饲料尺寸检测仪设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Vibratory Rectification-based Particle Feed Size Detection Device

摘要:

针对颗粒饲料尺寸检测操作繁琐，自动化水平低的实际问题，为了实现颗粒饲料尺寸的自动测量，设计了基于图像处理技术的振动整流式颗粒饲料尺寸检测仪。利用离散元软件Rocky Dem建立颗粒饲料-槽型整流板相互作用的仿真模型，以槽型整流板的振幅、振动频率、安装倾角和滑槽转向系数为试验因素，颗粒饲料滑移均速和滑移速度变异系数为评价指标，通过单因素仿真试验，分析颗粒饲料在槽型整流板滑槽内的滑移运动特性，结果表明，影响颗粒饲料滑移运动特性的主要因素为振幅、振动频率及安装倾角。采用正交组合仿真试验，建立各试验因素与评价指标间的数学模型，并对模型进行参数优化，当槽型整流板安装倾角为6.33°、振动频率为101.49 Hz、振幅为0.50 mm时，颗粒饲料的滑移均速和滑移速度变异系数综合最优，分别为0.31 m/s和4.10%。分别采集环模孔径为3、4、5 mm的颗粒饲料，对检测仪的测量精度进行验证，通过与人工测量相比较，检测仪对颗粒饲料直径自动测量结果平均绝对误差分别为0.048、0.020、0.012 mm;颗粒饲料长度自动测量结果平均绝对误差分别为0.164、0.162、0.103 mm。研究结果表明，所设计的颗粒饲料尺寸检测仪具有良好的准确性和可靠性，满足实际生产检测需求。

Abstract:

In response to the practical issues of labor-intensive and low automation levels in particle feed size detection, a vibratory rectification-based particle feed size detection device was designed by using image processing technology. A simulation model of the interaction between the particle feed and the chute-type rectification plate was established by using the discrete element method software Rocky Dem. The amplitude, vibration frequency, installation angle, and chute deflection coefficient of the rectification plate were considered as experimental factors, while the average slip velocity and coefficient of slip velocity variation of the particle feed were used as evaluation indicators. Through single-factor simulation experiments, the slip motion characteristics of the particle feed within the chute-type rectification plate were analyzed. The results showed that the main factors influencing the particle feed’s slip motion characteristics were the amplitude, vibration frequency, and installation angle. Orthogonal combination simulation experiments were conducted to establish mathematical models between the experimental factors and evaluation indicators, followed by parameter optimization of the models. The optimal configuration was found to be an installation angle of 6.33°, a vibration frequency of 101.49 Hz, and an amplitude of 0.50 mm. Under these conditions, the particle feed achieved the best overall performance with an average slip velocity of 0.31 m/s and a coefficient of slip velocity variation of 4.10%. Particle feed samples with aperture sizes of 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm were collected to validate the measurement accuracy of the detection device. Compared with manual measurements, the average absolute errors (MAE) of the automatic diameter measurements were 0.048 mm, 0.020 mm, and 0.012 mm, respectively. The MAE of the automatic length measurements were 0.164 mm, 0.162 mm, and 0.103 mm, respectively. The research results demonstrated that the designed particle feed size detection device exhibited good accuracy and reliability, meeting the requirements of practical production inspection.