种群直流舀种式胡麻精量穴播器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Precision Burrow Planter for Flax with Direct Current Scooping Type

摘要:

针对传统舀种勺式穴播器在工作过程中，种群被舀种勺种室两侧分流，播种滚筒内种量较少时，舀种勺腔充种不完全的问题，基于胡麻种子物理特性和种植农艺要求，设计一种种群聚集、直接舀种的胡麻精量穴播器。通过分析穴播器工作原理确定其组成、聚种斜槽结构和直流舀种勺结构参数范围，对直流舀种勺舀种过程和清种过程进行运动分析，确定穴播器角速度范围;以直流舀种勺深度、过桥槽夹角和穴播器角速度为试验因素，以穴播器排种合格率、漏播率和重播率为试验指标，借助EDEM离散元仿真软件开展二次旋转正交组合试验，结果表明：当直流舀种勺深度为2.75 mm、过桥槽夹角为56.56°、穴播器角速度为2.71 rad/s时性能最佳，此时穴播器排种合格率为94.27%，漏播率为5.67%，重播率为0.06%。台架试验发现排种合格率、漏播率和重播率平均值分别为89.00%、8.33%、2.67%，台架试验结果与仿真试验结果基本一致。直流舀种勺和勺舌式舀种勺排种效果对比试验结果表明，直流舀种勺的排种效果优于勺舌式舀种勺的排种效果，穴播器排种合格率提高3.39个百分点，漏播率下降2.68个百分点，重播率下降2个百分点。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem that the population is divided on both sides of the ladle chamber during the operation of the traditional burrow planter, the ladle chamber was not fully filled when the amount of seed in the seeding drum was small. Based on the physical characteristics of flax seeds and the requirements of planting and agronomy, a precise point planter for flax seed was designed. By analyzing the working principle of the burrow planter, the composition, chute structure and structural parameters of the direct current scooping ladle were determined. The motion analysis of the ladle scooping process and the clearing process was carried out, and the angular velocity range of the burrow planter was determined. Using the depth of direct current scooping ladle, the angle of bridge slot and the angular velocity of the burrow planter as test factors, and the pass rate, miss rate and replay rate of the burrow planter as test indexes, the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test was carried out by using EDEM discrete element simulation software. The results showed that the best performance was obtained when the depth of direct current scooping ladle was 2.75 mm, the angle of bridge groove was 56.56°, and the velocity of burrow planter was 2.71 rad/s, the qualified rate of seed expulsion was 94.27%, the missed rate was 5.67%, and the replay rate was 0.06%. The average pass rate, miss rate and replay rate were 89.00%, 8.33% and 2.67%, respectively. The results of bench test were basically consistent with those of simulation test. The results showed that the seed discharge effect of direct current scooping ladle was better than that of tongue scoop. The qualified rate of seed placement can be increased by 3.39 percentage points, the missed rate can be decreased by 2.68 percentage points, and the replay rate can be decreased by 2 percentage points.