平行犁组翻扣与旋耕组合式油菜种床制备装置研究

Design and Test of Rapeseed Seed Bed Preparation Device Combined with Parallel Plow Group Turnbuckle and Rotary Tillage

摘要:

针对长江中下游稻-油轮作区土壤黏重板结、秸秆量大，油菜直播机采用普通旋耕时易导致种床耕层浅、秸秆埋覆率低，现有犁旋一体机作业时纵向尺寸大的问题，结合油菜直播农艺要求和合理耕层构建需求，设计了一种平行扣垡犁组，提出了一种“圆盘犁刀切茬-压茬，平行犁组翻扣埋茬，旋耕刀辊碎土-匀土”的组合式耕整作业方案。采用直纹面法对扣垡犁的犁体曲面进行设计，构建了犁体曲面解析参数方程，建立了基于离散元方法的耕作部件-土壤-秸秆互作仿真模型，应用EDEM软件开展了二次正交旋转试验，分析了扣垡犁扣垡性能。仿真结果表明：当偏转角θ取12°、元线角差值Δθ取11°时，犁体扣垡效果最优。田间试验结果表明：当耕深为230 mm、作业速度为5.15 km/h时，扣垡犁平均扣垡率为91.3%，有较好埋茬效果;平行扣垡犁组在高茬秸秆工况下有较好的通过性，秸秆平均埋覆率达到82.5%，平均耕深达到218.6 mm，耕深稳定性系数达到90.2%。田间对比试验结果表明：在水稻收获后平均留茬高度为513 mm的工况下，平行犁组翻扣与旋耕组合式油菜种床制备装置平均耕深达229.7 mm，秸秆埋覆率为87.5%，碎土率为89.7%，厢面平整度为31.8 mm，相比于普通旋耕机作业效果，平均耕深增大90.9 mm，秸秆埋覆率和碎土率分别提高7.2个百分点和6.5个百分点，作业质量满足油菜播种要求，符合油菜“深翻埋茬，上松下紧”的种床合理耕层构建要求。

Abstract:

Considering the problems of soil in mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River is sticky and the amount of straw is large, the utilization of conventional rotary tillage rapeseed direct-seeding machines often leads to the plough layer is shallow and the straw coverage rate is low, the longitudinal size of the existing combination of plowing and rotary tillage rapeseed seeder is generally larger, the rapeseed direct-seeding agronomic requirement and the requirement were combined to build reliable plough layer, a parallel mounted buckling plough group was designed, a combined tillage operation scheme of “disc plow blade cutting and pressing stubble, parallel plow group turning over soil and burying stubble, the rotary tiller knife roll breaks up the clod and equalizes the soil” was proposed. The plough surface of the buckling plough was designed by using the method of straight ruled surface, the parametric analytical equation of plough surface was established, a simulation model for the interaction between tillage tool, soil, and straw was established based on the discrete element method, and the quadratic orthogonal rotation test was carried out to analyze the buckling performance of the buckling plough by using EDEM software. The simulation results showed that when the deflection angle θ was 12° and the change value Δθ was 11°, the buckling effect of the plough body was the best. Field experiments showed that the average soil buckling rate was 91.3% when the tilling depth was 230 mm and the forward velocity was 5.15 km/h, and the buckling plough had a good stubble burying effect. The parallel buckling plough group had good through performance under high crop straw conditions, with an average straw coverage rate of over 82.5%, an average tillage depth of over 218.6 mm, and a stability coefficient of over 90.2% for tillage depth. Field comparison experiment showed that under the condition of average stubble height of 513 mm after rice harvest, the average depth of rapeseed seed bed preparation device combined with parallel plow group turnbuckle and rotary tillage was 229.7 mm, the straw coverage rate was 87.5%, the soil breaking rate was 89.7%, and the planter bed surface flatness was 31.8 mm, compared with the operation effect of conventional rotary tillage, the average ploughing depth was increased by 90.9 mm, the straw coverage rate and soil breaking rate were increased by 7.2 percentage points and 6.5 percentage points, respectively, and the operation quality met the requirements of rapeseed direct-seeding, and met the requirements of reasonable cultivation layer construction of rapeseed seed bed of “deep turning and stubble burying, upper looseness and lower tightness”.