丘陵山区轻筒型油菜种-肥同播同施集排装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Lightweight and Simple Centralized Seeding-Fertilizing Device for Rapeseed in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

摘要:

针对丘陵山区等小田块油菜种植区域缺乏轻简集成的油菜播种机排种与排肥装置问题，设计了一种油菜种-肥同播同施集排装置。阐明了集排装置工作过程，确定了排种滚筒与排肥滚筒主要结构参数，分析了肥层控制板位置对排种量与排肥量匹配性的影响。应用EDEM仿真开展了油菜种-肥同播同施集排装置排种与排肥性能试验，建立了肥层控制板位置与排肥量的关系模型，试验结果表明：集成式种肥滚筒转速为20~50 r/min时，集成式种肥滚筒转速与排种速率、排肥速率均为线性关系，肥层控制板与竖直方向间夹角在22°~38°内增大时，排肥速率在1 709.63~2 484.31 g/min内逐渐增加；应用DEM-CFD耦合仿真分析了辅助输送气流对导种管内种子速度和受力的影响，结果表明：导种管与竖直面间倾斜角为10°~70°时，采用辅助输送气流可实现种子加速经导种管排出，避免种子滞留。台架验证试验结果表明：集成式种肥滚筒转速为20~50 r/min时，总排种量稳定性变异系数不高于0.92%、各行排种量一致性变异系数不高于3.64%、种子破损率不高于0.04%、总排肥量稳定性变异系数不高于1.21%、各行排肥量一致性变异系数不高于4.41%，可实现油菜排量一定时，通过调节肥层控制板与竖直方向间夹角，满足不同排肥量需求。田间试验结果表明：油菜各行株数一致性变异系数为9.25%、总株数稳定性变异系数为7.16%，满足油菜精量播种要求。

Abstract:

In response to the practical problem of the lack of light and simple integrated planter’ seeding device and fertilizing device for rapeseed in small fields such as hilly and mountainous areas, a centralized seeding-fertilizing device for rapeseed was developed. The working process of the centralized seeding-fertilizing device for rapeseed was clarified. The main structural parameters of the seeding cylinder and fertilizing cylinder were determined. The influence of the fertilizer layer control board position on the matching of seeding and fertilizing quantity was analyzed. An experiment was conducted using EDEM simulation to investigate the seeding and fertilizing performance of the centralized seeding-fertilizing device for rapeseed. A model was established to determine the relationship between the fertilizer layer control board position and the fertilizing quantity. The experimental results showed that when the seed-fertilizer cylinder rotating speed was 20~50 r/min, the seed-fertilizer cylinder rotating speed was linearly related to the seeding quantity and fertilizing quantity. When the angle between the fertilizer layer control board and the vertical direction increased within 22°~38°, the fertilizing rate was gradually increased between 1 709.63 g/min and 2 484.31 g/min. The DEM-CFD coupling simulation was applied to analyze the influence of auxiliary conveying airflow on the seed velocity and force inside the seed guiding tube. The results indicated that when the inclination angle between the seed guiding tube and the vertical plane was 10°~70°, the auxiliary conveying airflow could achieve accelerated seed discharge through the seed guiding tube and avoid seed retention. The results of the bench validation test showed that when the seed-fertilizer cylinder rotating speed was 20~50 r/min, the stability variation coefficient of the total seeding quantity was not higher than 0.92%, the consistency variation coefficient of each row of seeding quantity was not higher than 3.64%, the seed damage rate was not higher than 0.04%, the stability variation coefficient of the total fertilizing quantity was not higher than 1.21%, and the consistency variation coefficient of each row of fertilizing was not higher than 4.41%. As the seeding rapeseed was fixed, the angle between the fertilizer layer control board and the vertical direction could be adjusted to meet different fertilizing requirements. The field test results indicated that the variation coefficient for the consistency of the number of plants in each row of rapeseed was 9.25%, and the variation coefficient for the stability of the total number of plants was 7.16%, which met the requirements for precision seeding for rapeseed.