正态分布规律变量调节式多功能条播装置设计与试验

Design and Testing of Multifunctional Strip-tillage Device Based on Normal Distribution Regular Variable Conditioning

摘要:

针对条播装置成条的需求，设计了一种基于正态分布规律变量调节的多功能条播装置，该装置能够实现均匀和不均匀等多种成条效果。该装置无需更换复杂配件，只需要改变调节单元结构布局，操作简单灵活，能够一机多用。从条播装置整体结构设计、原理阐述和仿真分析与台架测试方面开展研究，通过颗粒进料口喂入角仿真试验选定了进料口角度，并选取复合肥颗粒与水稻种子颗粒，经离散元仿真软件（Enhances discrete element method, EDEM）仿真和台架试验测试了变量调节性能，对条播装置在不同变量调节下的成条效果进行动态测试。进料口喂入角仿真试验结果表明，在70°喂入角下，网格间变异系数差异达18%，颗粒流变化相对较小，颗粒流相对均匀。条播装置变量调节性能试验结果表明，各排料管之间的复合肥颗粒流量差异最大为组合8（变异系数为92%），最大差值为0.214 kg，变量范围最大(6%~41%）；各排料管之间的复合肥颗粒流量差异最小为组合11（44%），最小差值为0.100 kg，变量范围最小(11%~27%）；各排料管之间的水稻种子颗粒流量差异最大为组合8（90%），变量范围最大(5%~40%）；各排料管之间的水稻种子颗粒流量差异最小为组合11（40%），变量范围最小(11%~27%）；12个组合的变异系数与变量范围差异显著，复合肥颗粒的变异系数整体为44%~92%，变量范围整体为6%~42%；水稻种子的变异系数整体为40%~90%，变量范围整体为5%~40%，装置可实现多样化变量调节。变量成条效果动态测试试验结果表明，所有组合下的复合肥颗粒与水稻种子颗粒的成条效果都明显，条带波动小，条带宽度和间距稳定。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the problem of strip-tillers forming strips, a novel and adaptable strip seeding apparatus was introduced. This equipment represented a significant technological leap, which was capable of executing a wide array of strip patterns, ranging from uniform to non-uniform distributions. Its comprehensive scope encompassed multifaceted dimensions, notably focusing on the structural blueprint of the strip seeding apparatus. It included a detailed exposition of the intricate principles governing variable adjustments, an extensive analysis of the simulated effects under diverse configurations, and robust empirical validation through rigorous bench-scale testing. The EDEM simulation and benchtop experiments were utilized to test the variable adjustment performance of compound fertilizer and rice seed particles in the strip seeding device and the strip-forming effect under different variable adjustments was dynamically evaluated. Simulated results from the inlet feeding angle experiments showed that when conducted at a 70° angle, substantiating a gradual escalation in the coefficient of variation (CV), transitioning from the upper grid group (9%) to the lower grid group (27%), manifesting an 18% CV variance. This nuanced alteration barely disrupted particle flow, aligning meticulously with the intended uniformity envisaged in the design framework. The empirical findings regarding variable adjustment performance revealed stark disparities in granular flow among discharge tubes. The combination with the highest difference in compound fertilizer particle flow was Combination 8 (CV was 92%), with a maximum difference of 0.214 kg and the widest variable range (6%~41%). The combination with the smallest difference was Combination 11 (CV was 44%), with a minimum difference of 0.100 kg and the narrowest variable range (11%~27%). As for rice seed particles, the maximum difference also occurred in Combination 8 (CV was 90%) with a variable range of (5%~40%), while the minimum difference was in Combination 11 (CV was 40%) with a variable range of (11%~27%). Overall, there was a significant difference between the coefficient of variation and the variable range among the 12 combinations. The coefficient of variation for compound fertilizer particles ranged from 44% to 92%, with a variable range of 6% to 42%. The coefficient of variation for rice seeds ranged from 40% to 90%, with a variable range of 5% to 40%. Moreover, distinct configurations noticeably influenced particle quality alterations, facilitating differentiated adjustments in strip width and spacing between rows. This nuanced variation within similar variable adjustments further validated the instrument’s robustness in achieving finer gradations in strip width and spacing. The culmination of these in-depth investigations served as an invaluable guide for refining and optimizing this variable strip seeding apparatus. The research results can offer comprehensive technical solutions and a reservoir of foundational knowledge.