沙生灌木机械化生产技术装备研究现状与发展展望

Review of Key Technologies for Mechanized Production of Sandy Shrubs

摘要:

沙生灌木是我国推进重点区域沙化土地综合治理的重要树种。本文在总结沙生灌木机械化生产主要技术模式的基础上，重点对沙生灌木机械化种植、平茬收割和加工技术现状进行了概述，并阐明了现阶段的问题及未来发展方向。我国沙生灌木产业基本形成了“营造-开采-加工-利用”的生产模式，涵盖了种植、管理、平茬收割、加工利用等环节，虽然已经具备了部分沙生灌木生产机械装备，但仍存在以下问题：机械化生产环节发展不均衡，机械装备支撑力不足；机械装备适用性和可靠性低；沙生灌木生产机械装备关键技术研发不足，生产工艺与机械化生产技术联动性差。构建完整的沙生灌木生产全过程机械化技术体系，加强沙土-沙生灌木-机具相互作用关系理论体系等关键技术研究，发展沙生灌木生产机械集成化、智能化，是我国沙生灌木机械化生产技术的发展方向。

Abstract:

Sandy shrubs are important tree species to promote the comprehensive management of sandy land in key areas in China. In order to provide references and supports to the development of sandy shrub industry in China, on the basis of summarizing the main technical modes of sandy shrub mechanized production technology, the current status of mechanized planting, harvesting, and processing technology of sandy shrubs was outlined, and the problems and development trends at the present stage were clarified as well. The sandy shrub industry basically formed a planting-harvesting-processing-utilization production mode, covering these links of planting, management, harvesting, processing and utilization. Although there were already some machinery and equipment, certain problems still existed in the current stage, i.e., uneven development of mechanized production links, insufficient machinery and equipment support, low applicability and reliability of mechanical equipment, insufficient research and development of key technologies of sandy shrub production machinery and equipment, poor linkage between process technology and machinery. Establishing complete mechanized technology system for the whole process of sandy shrub production, strengthening the theoretical system of sand-sandy shrub-machinery interaction relationship and other key technology research, and developing the integrated and intelligent sandy shrub production machinery would be the development direction of sandy shrub mechanized production technology in China.