铡草机切碎辊作物喂入矢角参数模型建立与试验

Development and Experiment of Crop Feeding Angle Parameter Model in Chopping Roll of Hay Cutter

摘要:

饲草收获机作物喂入矢角（辊（叶片）轴心至喂入点矢径的水平夹角）对切碎辊转矩负荷及切碎性能有重要影响，通过检测传动带压力与作物喂入矢角的关系，对收获机切碎特性与作物切碎过程进行了运动学、动力学分析，揭示了饲草作物切碎质量、能耗与作物喂入矢角的关系，建立收获机切碎辊作物喂入矢角数学模型并进行了优化。试验结果表明，当优化参数组作物单位长度喂入量为5.5kg/s、切碎辊转速为1600r/min、传动带初始压力为1.2MPa时，该作业参数组下切碎作物喂入矢角数学模型精度最高，准确率达79.52%，模型偏差为0.491MPa（0.957rad），能够有效表征铡草机切碎作业负荷，同时在保证作物切碎质量下提高了铡草机作业能力，优化的切碎喂入矢角模型下切碎扰动响应时间缩短约26.41%，单位作业能耗减小约11.36%。该切碎作物喂入矢角模型丰富了铡草机切碎作业的建模方法，为饲草作物类铡草机负荷控制系统设计提供了参考。

关键词:铡草机;切碎;矢角数学模型

Abstract:

The feeding sagittal angle of the forage harvester has a significant impact on the torque load and cutting performance of the cutting roller. By detecting the relationship between the transmission belt pressure and the feeding sagittal angle of the crop, kinematic and dynamic analysis was conducted on the cutting characteristics of the harvester and the crop cutting process. The relationship between the cutting quality, energy consumption, and the feeding sagittal angle of the forage crop was revealed. A mathematical model for the feeding sagittal angle of the harvester’s cutting roller was established and optimized. The experimental results showed that when the crop feeding amount in the optimized parameter group was 5.5kg/s, the cutting roller speed was 1600r/min, and the initial pressure of the transmission belt was 1.2MPa, the mathematical model accuracy of the cutting crop feeding sagittal angle under this operation parameter group was the highest, with an accuracy of 79.52% and a model deviation of 0.491MPa (0.957rad), which can effectively represent the cutting load of the hay cutter. At the same time, the cutting ability of the hay cutter was improved while ensuring the quality of crop cutting. Under the optimized cutting feeding sagittal angle model, the cutting disturbance response time was shortened by about 26.41%, and the unit operation energy consumption was reduced by about 11.36%. The establishment of the sagittal angle model for feeding the chopped crops enriched the modeling method for the cutting operation of the hay cutter, providing a reference for the design of the load control system of the hay cutter for similar forage crops.

Key words:hay cutter;cut into small pieces;mathematical model of vector angle