独立分充式大豆双排毛刷高速精量排种器设计与试验

Design and Test of High-speed Precision Seeder of Independent Fractionated Soybean Double-row Brush

摘要:

为解决机械式大豆排种器高速播种质量差的问题，设计了一种独立分充式大豆双排毛刷高速精量排种器，采用双排种盘结构增加型孔数量，独立分充避免种群积压互扰，实现高速精量排种作业。通过理论分析，明确了充种、投种性能的影响因素，并确定了型孔与导流槽相关参数。以作业速度、型孔倾角、导流槽倾角为试验因素进行了正交试验，试验结果表明：在大豆株距为8cm、排种器作业速度为9km/h时，较优组合为型孔倾角54°、导流槽倾角39°，此时合格指数为95.5％，漏播指数为2.0％，株距变异系数为13.1％。对比试验结果表明：作业速度为8~12km/h时，独立分充式排种器合格指数比常规毛刷式排种器至少提升1.3个百分点，漏播指数至少减少0.8个百分点，株距变异系数至少减少2个百分点。窄行密植农艺适应性试验结果表明：在作业速度8~12km/h的条件下，独立分充式排种器合格指数达到90.1％，漏播指数不高于4.6％，株距变异系数不大于20.1％，窄行密植种植农艺适应性较高。

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of poor high-speed sowing quality of mechanical soybean seeder, an independent part-filling soybean double-row brush high-speed precision seeder was designed, which increased the number of holes by using the double-row seed tray structure, and independently divided the filling to avoid the mutual disturbance of the population backlog, so as to realize the high-speed precision seeding operation. Through theoretical analysis, the influencing factors of seed filling and seeding performance were clarified, and the relevant parameters of the molding hole and diversion groove were determined. The results showed that when the soybean plant spacing was 8cm and the seed distributor operating speed was 9km/h, the optimal combination was the hole inclination angle of 54° and the diversion trough inclination angle of 39°, the pass index was 95.5%, the missing seeding index was 2.0%, and the plant spacing variation coefficient was 13.1%. The results of the comparative test showed that when the operating speed was 8~12km/h, the qualification index of the independent sub-filling seed dispenser was increased by more than 1.3 percentage points, the missed seeding index was reduced by more than 0.8 percentage points, and the plant spacing variation coefficient was reduced by more than 2 percentage points. The results of the agronomic adaptability test of narrow row dense planting showed that under the condition of operation speed of 8~12km/h, the qualification index of independent sub-filling seed discharger under narrow row dense planting agronomy was above 90.1%, the missed seeding index was no more than 4.6%, and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was no more than 20.1%, and the agronomic adaptability of narrow row dense planting was high.