指夹式马铃薯精密排种器设计与试验

Design and Test of Pickup Finger Potato Precision Seed Metering Device

摘要:

针对舀勺式马铃薯排种器携种过程中种薯易受外界扰动脱离舀勺而造成漏播、清种过程清种振动强度与种薯质量不匹配而影响排种性能等问题，设计一种指夹式马铃薯精密排种器，通过控制夹板的开合与摆动进行排种作业，在携种过程中实现对种薯的可靠夹持，在清种过程中通过改变夹板对种薯的约束条件实现单粒夹持。为提高排种器作业性能，选取种床带速度、清种位移、夹板长度为试验因素，以合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标，采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转中心组合试验方法进行了参数优化试验，建立了各指标的回归模型，分析了各因素对合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数的影响规律。试验结果表明，当种床带速度为6.0km/h、清种位移为9.5mm、夹板长度为72mm时，排种器合格指数为90.3%、重播指数为6.1%、漏播指数为3.6%，满足播种技术要求。

Abstract:

A pickup finger potato precision seed metering device was designed, because of that the traditional cup-belt potato seed metering device had some shortcoming on the seed clamping and seed transport process, and based on the opening, closing, swinging of splint in each process to control the position and movement of seed to achieve five processes of seed filling, seed clamping, seed clearing, seed transport and seed dropping, meeting the requirement of precision planting technology. The structural parameters of key components such as clamping fixture and slideway were designed and the change rule of limiting speed of seed filling and limiting position of seed cleaning was gotten by illustrating and analyzing the overall structure and working principle of each working process of the seed metering device. In order to prove the performance of pickup finger potato seed metering device, the experiment was employed through the method of quadratic orthogonal rotating center combination of three factors and five levels according to national standard (GB/T 6973—2005). In test, potato seed Dongnong 311 was selected as experimental material. Combining with extensive pre-experiment and theoretical analysis, the working speed, seed clearing shifting, length of splint were taken as the main influencing factors, and seed qualified index, multiple index, missing index were taken as the response index, the experimental research was carried out. The optimal combination of parameters were working speed of 6.0km/h, seed clearing shifting of 9.5mm, length of splint of 72mm, and under the optimal combinations, the qualified index was 90.3%, the multiple index was 6.1%, and the missing index was 3.6%, the verification test was repeated five times, the results indicated that the actual test results were in agreement with the optimization results.