基于MCR模型的市域生态空间网络构建

Construction of Municipal Ecological Space Network Based on MCR Model

摘要:

针对目前城市化进程中以中心城区为主的核心生态规划因忽视自然与城市之间的空间动态变化而导致城乡人居生态环境不协调的问题，以唐山市生态空间网络构建为出发点，基于形态学空间格局分析方法(MSPA)、最小累积阻力模型(MCR)对市域生态源地进行识别，提取生态源地间潜在生态廊道，结合重力模型定量分析廊道重要度，并构建唐山市生态空间网络。结果表明：生态源地提取与识别是城市生态网络构建的关键节点，通过识别市域生态源地共33642个，面积245674.52hm2，主要分布于北部山地保护区、中部林地生态保护区和南部湿地保护区，景观类型多为草地和林地，其次为水体；通过斑块重要指数等量化景观要素对生态空间的重要度，识别出30块重要生态源地作为生态廊道的关键节点；基于最小累积阻力和重力模型计算并构建潜在435条关键生态廊道，草地景观、林地景观和水体景观分别占总廊道的51.21%、30.74%和16.46%；源地间的生态作用力及廊道适宜性差异明显，源地14和17之间的相互作用力最大，为14562.77，源地2和21之间的相互作用力最小，为1.06；源地25（开平区陡河水库）和源地18（滦州市青龙山省级保护区）为南北生态流动的关键源地，在今后的工作中应重点保护和管理。本研究可为唐山市国土空间规划、生态空间构建和生态保护红线管控提供有效支撑，也为类似区域的生态保护管理和生态空间网络构建研究提供了参考。

Abstract:

The urban ecological space network is the key link to the natural environment and ecosystem, which is also the foundation for maintaining urban ecological security. In the current urbanization process, the core ecological planning based on the central urban area ignores the dynamic changes of the space between nature and the city, which leads to the incoordination of the ecological environment of urban and rural human settlements, and the method and theory of ecological network simulation and analysis are still in development stage. Taking the construction of the ecological space of Tangshan City as the starting point, based on the morphological spatial pattern analysis method (MSPA) and the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) to identify the city’s ecological sources, and the potential ecological corridors between the ecological sources were extracted, combined with gravity the importance of corridors was quantitatively analyzed and the ecological space network of Tangshan City was constructed. The results showed that the extraction and identification of ecological sources was an important node in the construction of urban ecological network. Through identification and analysis, there were 33642 urban ecological sources, covering an area of 245674.52hm2, and mainly distributed in the northern mountain protection area, the central forest ecological protection area and the southern wetland protection area, the landscape types were mostly grassland and woodland, followed by water bodies. By quantifying the importance of landscape elements to the ecological space through patch importance index and other quantified importance, totally 30 important ecological sources were identified as key nodes of ecological corridors. Based on the minimum cumulative resistance and gravity model, totally 435 potential key ecological corridors were calculated and constructed, accounting for 51.21%, 30.74% and 16.46% of grassland landscape, woodland landscape and water landscape, respectively. In addition, the ecological forces and the suitability of the corridors between the source areas were significantly different. The interaction force between the sources 14 and 17 was 14562.77, and the interaction force between the sources 2 and 21 was the smallest of 1.06. Among them, source area 25 (Douhe River Basin in Kaiping District) and source area 18 (Qinglongshan Provincial Nature Reserve of Luanzhou City) were the key ecological source areas for the ecological exchange between the north and the south. In the future work, the protection and management should be focused on. The research result can provide effective support for land space planning, ecological space construction and ecological protection red line control in Tangshan City, and also can provide reference and demonstration for similar regional ecological protection management and construction of ecological space network.