水稻无人机撒肥系统设计与试验

Design and Experiment of UAV Fertilization Spreader System for Rice

摘要:

针对水稻穗肥撒施效率和机械化程度低的问题，为提高无人机撒肥均匀性，基于多旋翼无人机平台设计了一种水稻撒肥系统，确定了离心盘、流量调节装置等主要结构参数，同时应用EDEM软件仿真分析了离心盘转速、落入位置角、肥料流量、无人机飞行速度和飞行姿态对肥料分布的影响。试验表明：肥料分布呈同心圆时，撒肥有利于幅宽边界确定；幅宽随着离心盘转速的增加而增大，肥料分布峰值随流量增大由左侧逐渐变为右侧；撒肥均匀性随流量增加呈先增、后减的趋势，无人机俯仰角与横滚倾斜角对肥料分布均有影响，俯仰造成肥料向中部堆积，横滚使肥料向单侧堆积。肥料流量、无人机飞行速度和离心盘转速与落入位置角均存在交互作用，对撒肥均匀性有显著影响。当落入位置角为40°、离心盘转速为1100r/min、肥料流量为3460颗/s、飞行速度为5m/s时，撒肥性能最佳，此时变异系数为8.86%。田间试验结果表明，无人机施肥效率约为人工施肥的12.5倍。本研究为水稻穗肥的机械化施用提供了解决方案，可为水稻穗肥的无人机撒肥系统设计提供参考。

Abstract:

Aiming at the low efficiency of rice panicle fertilizer application and the difficulty of mechanization, a rice fertilization spreader system，centrifugal spinning disc and flow regulating device was designed based on multi-rotor UAV for improving the mechanical performance and uniformity of UAV fertilizer application. The structural parameters of rice fertilizer plant were determined, and the effects of disc speed, flow rate, falling position angle, UAV flying speed and flying attitude on fertilizer distribution were analyzed by using EDEM software. The experimental results showed that it was beneficial to determine the width boundary by applying fertilizer in concentric circles. The width was increased with the increase of rotating speed, and the peak value of fertilizer distribution was changed from left to right. With the increase of flow rate, the uniformity presented a trend of first passing and then decreasing. UAV pitch and roll inclination had influence on fertilizer distribution, while pitch caused fertilizer to pile up in the middle, and roll inclination caused fertilizer to pile up in one side. The interaction of flow rate, UAV flight speed and centrifugal disc speed with the falling position angle had a significant effect on the uniformity of the system. When the landing angle was 40°, the disk rotation speed was 1100r/min, the flow rate was 3460 particles per second, and the UAV flight speed was 5m/s, the coefficient of variation was 8.86%. The efficiency of UAV fertilization spreader was about 12.5 times more than that of manual fertilization. This research provided a solution for the mechanized application of rice panicle fertilizer and a reference for the design of the centrifugal UAV rice panicle fertilizer spreader.