夹持式玉米精密排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Clamping Maize Precision Seed-metering Device

摘要:

为了简化机械式玉米排种器结构，提高作业质量，设计了一种夹持式玉米精密排种器，通过压种环在各工作区域的不同结构配合夹种块控制种子的位置及运动状态，实现排种作业。结合玉米种子几何尺寸，对充种过程进行理论分析，获得种子填充力的变化规律，阐述了清种、投种工作原理，设计了夹种块、压种环等关键部件。为检验排种器的排种性能，选用天农九（大粒）、红旗688（中粒）、黄金糯（小粒）3种不同几何尺寸的玉米种子为试验对象，以播种机工作速度为试验因素，以合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标，进行单因素试验。试验表明，天农九排种效果较佳，在工作速度为11km/h时，其合格指数为90.1%，重播指数为9.1%，漏播指数为0.8%，满足排种作业要求。

关键词:玉米;精密排种;夹持式;排种器

Abstract:

A clamping maize precision seed metering device was designed based on the fitting of different structures of seed-clamping piece in each region and seed-pressing annulus to control the position and movement of seed to get a simple structure, improve the performance of maize seed metering device and meet the requirement of precision planting. The overall structure and working principle of the seed metering device were illustrated and analyzed by the size of maize seeds. The design of structural parameters of key components was conducted, such as seed-clamping piece and seed-pressing annulus. The rule of seed collection mechanics was got by analysis of seed collection process. In order to test the performance of clamping maize seed metering device, the experiment was employed through the method of single factor with Tiannongjiu (big size), Hongqi 688 (middle size) and Huangjinnuo (little size), three kinds of maize seeds. In test, working speed was taken as main influencing factor, the seed qualified index, and multiple index and missing index were taken as response index. The experiment indicated that the clamping maize precision seed metering device fit in the maize seed with big size better and the qualified index was 90.1%, the multiple index was 9.1% and the missing index was 0.8% with Tiannongjiu maize seed at working speed of 11km/h, which could meet the requirement of precision planting. The results can provide guidance and direction for the design and development of high-speed precision mechanical seed-metering device.

Key words:maize;precision planting;clamping;seed-metering