农业机械智能化设计技术发展现状与展望

Development Situation and Prospects of Intelligent Design for Agricultural Machinery

摘要:

我国地域差异大、农作物种类和种植模式多样，农业机械具有多功能、小批量、定制化及多样化的用户需求特征。当前国内农业机械制造企业产品研发普遍以跟踪、仿制为主，存在研发周期长、效率低、产品可靠性差等问题，企业和产品的竞争力低下、缺乏核心自主技术，已成为制约我国农业机械企业可持续发展的瓶颈。智能化设计技术以满足用户定制化、多样化需求为目标，以知识工程（KBE）、数据管理（DM）、人工智能（AI）、虚拟仿真等现代信息技术为手段，通过整合农业机械全生命周期过程中上下游相关企业已有资源，集成产品数据管理（PDM）和产品生命周期管理（PLM）的协同设计平台，实现农业机械设计过程的协同化、自动化和智能化，是提高我国农业机械设计水平的关键。本文针对农业机械特点，对农业机械智能化设计技术的定义、技术体系、关键技术及发展现状进行了深入剖析，重点总结了近年来计算机辅助设计（CAD）、模块化设计、知识工程、虚拟仿真、PDM/PLM协同设计等智能化设计关键技术的研究现状与发展趋势，并提出了农业机械智能化设计领域未来发展趋势，为农业机械设计技术发展提供参考。

关键词:农业机械;智能化设计;CAD/CAE;模块化设计;知识工程;虚拟仿真

Abstract:

Due to the constraints of agricultural production conditions, such as regional differences, variety of crop types and planting patterns, agricultural machinery needs to meet the requirements of multi-functional, small batch, customization and diversification of customers’ needs. At present, all of Chinese agricultural machine enterprises generally focus on tracking and copying foreign agricultural machinery product, which lead to problems such as long development cycle, low efficiency of design knowledge reuse, and poor product reliability. The low competitiveness of products and lack of core independent technologies have bottlenecked the sustainable development of agricultural machine enterprises in China. To meet the diversified needs of users as the goal, intelligent design technology with knowledge based engineering (KBE), data management (DM), artificial intelligence (AI), virtual simulation technology and other modern information technology as means, the synergistic, automatic and intelligent design of agricultural machinery can be realized by integrating existing resources of related enterprises in the whole life cycle of agricultural machinery and product data management/product lifecycle management (PDM/PLM) collaborative design platform. It’s the key to improve the design level of agricultural machinery in China. Based on the characteristics of agricultural machinery, the definition, technical system, key technology and development status of intelligent design technology for agricultural machinery were introduced. The current situation and future development trends of the key technologies in intelligent design technology for agricultural machinery such as computer aided design (CAD), modular design, knowledge based engineering, virtual simulation, PDM/PLM collaborative design were deeply analyzed in recent years. And the reference suggestions for the research direction of agricultural machinery design were put forward.

Key words:agricultural machinery;intelligent design;CAD/CAE;modular design;knowledge based engineering;virtual simulation