机采棉中残地膜静电吸附法分级去除

Grading Removal of Residual Plastic Film in Machine-harvested Cotton Using Electrostatic Adsorption Method

摘要:

提出一种基于静电吸附方法分级去除机采棉中残地膜的方法，以新疆阿拉尔地区种植的新陆早26号机采棉为研究对象，根据机采棉中残地膜曲直形态与荷电极化程度存在一定的相关性，利用图像处理提取机采棉中各种残地膜杂质特征并进行聚类算法分级，将残地膜分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等级。搭建静电吸附分离平台，对掺有不同等级残地膜的机采棉进行不同荷电时间、飞入速度、极板电压下的试验，以除杂率为测定指标，找出对应级别残地膜的最佳参数组合，以期达到残地膜杂质与机采棉的分离最大化。试验表明，对除杂率影响显著的因素由大到小为：飞入速度、荷电时间、极板电压。掺有Ⅰ级残地膜的机采棉除杂最佳荷电时间为24s，飞入速度为4.7m/s，极板电压为39kV，分离率为96.2%；Ⅱ级最佳荷电时间为29.8s，飞入速度为5.8m/s，极板电压为37.6kV，分离率为98.1%；Ⅲ级最佳荷电时间为30.1s，飞入速度为3.5m/s，极板电压为46.2kV，分离率为97.2%。研究结果表明：基于静电吸附分级去除残地膜的方法可行，能够满足实际生产需要。

Abstract:

A method based on electrostatic adsorption for grading removal of residual plastic film in machine-harvested cotton was proposed. The machine-harvested cotton of Xinluzao No.26 planted in Alaer region of Xinjiang was the research object. According to the correlation between the degree of polarization charge and the curved form of the residual plastic film in machine-harvested cotton, the characteristics of various residual plastic film in machine-harvested cotton were extracted by image processing, and then the residual film was graded by clustering algorithm and divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ grades. Then the electrostatic adsorption separation platform was constructed, and factors of different charge times, flying speed and polar plate voltage of machine-harvested cotton with different grades of residual plastic film were tested. Taking the impurity removal efficiency as the index, the optimum combination of the external influencing factors of the corresponding grade residual plastic film was found in order to achieve the maximum separation between the residual plastic film and machine-harvested cotton. The results indicated that the factors affecting the removal impurity efficiency were: charge time, flying speed, and polar plate voltage. The optimum charging time of machine-harvested cotton with grade Ⅰ residual plastic film was 24s, flying speed was 4.7m/s, plate voltage was 39kV, and separation rate was 96.2%;grade Ⅱ: charging time was 29.8s, flying speed was 5.8m/s, plate voltage was 37.6kV, separation rate was 98.1%;grade Ⅲ: charging time was 30.1s, flying speed was 3.5m/s, plate voltage was 46.2kV, and the separation rate was 97.2%. The results showed that the method of grading removing residual film based on electrostatic adsorption was feasible and met the needs of practical development.