横腰带覆土式全膜双垄沟覆膜联合作业机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Operation Machine for Filming and Girdle Covering on Double Ridges

摘要:

为实现全膜双垄沟覆膜种床机械化构建，针对地膜全域覆盖膜上横腰带式覆土等要求，设计了横腰带覆土式全膜双垄沟覆膜联合作业机，可实现起垄、施肥、覆膜、覆土及横腰带铺设与渗水孔打孔的一体化作业。对样机关键部件进行设计，确定其旋耕刀组功耗和提土装置、镇压打孔装置的工作参数，同时解析了输土-种床覆土装置、横腰带覆土系统的作业过程，得到满足覆膜种床各部位覆土的必要条件。田间试验表明，当作业速度为0.50m/s时，采光面地膜机械破损程度为38.6mm/m2、种床起垄高度合格率为89.8%、种床垄沟中心距合格率为90.7%、种床膜边覆土宽度合格率为95.8%、横腰带覆土宽度合格率为95.6%、种床覆土厚度合格率为95.2%、横腰带覆土间距合格率为93.5%、渗水孔间距合格率为97.1%，试验指标均符合国家与行业标准要求，试验结果满足设计和实际作业要求。

Abstract:

Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting has been widely adopted as a drought resistant cultivation model in the northwest arid area of China in recent years. For further integration agronomic requirement of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges, in order to realize the mechanized construction of seedbed, a combined operation machine was designed, which synchronously realized institutional operation once such as fertilization, ridging, filming, infiltration hole punching and girdle covering on double ridges. Based on the prototype, the key parts were designed and selected, the structure and operation parameters of soil elevating mechanism and pressing-punching mechanism were determined, and the power consumption of rotary blades was calculated. The operation process of soil transporting-covering mechanism and girdle soil covering mechanism were analyzed, and the necessary work conditions to make sure that the covering soil on the all parts of the seedbed were analyzed and calculated. For the relevant work performance test of prototype, the field experimental results showed that under the condition of the operation speed of 0.50m/s, the mechanical damage degree of day lighting surface of plastic film was 38.6mm/m2, the qualified rates of ridging height was 89.8%, the qualified rates of furrow center distance was 90.7%, the qualified rates of soil width covered on seedbed film edge was 95.8%, the qualified rates of girdle covering soil width was 95.6%, the qualified rates of soil depth covered on seedbed was 95.2%, the spacing qualification rate of girdle covering soil was 93.5%, and the spacing qualification rate of water-leaking hole was 97.1%, which met the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements, and the experimental results also met the design requirements of combined operation machine.