马铃薯收获机薯秧分离装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Potato Harvester Potato Stem Separation Equipment

摘要:

针对北方粘重土壤条件下马铃薯收获过程中薯秧分离效果不佳的问题，设计了一种在不杀秧情况下既适用于大型联合收获机也适用于分段式马铃薯收获机的薯秧分离装置。通过对该装置升运过程中薯秧的运动学分析和分离过程中的力学分析，建立了一种弹性力学模型，确定了影响薯秧分离效果的主要因素，得到影响薯秧分离性能的摘秧辊转速范围和摘秧辊与一级升运分离筛主驱动辊距离范围等工作参数。以摘秧辊转速、一级升运分离筛主驱动辊线速度、摘秧辊与一级升运分离筛主驱动辊距离为试验因素，以含杂率为试验指标，在未进行杀秧作业的条件下进行田间试验，试验结果表明：当摘秧辊与一级升运分离筛主驱动辊距离为2.5mm、摘秧辊转速为9.0r/s、一级升运分离筛主驱动辊线速度为1.6m/s时，含杂率为2.4%，优于国家行业标准。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems that potato stems trash separation was ineffective during the potato harvest, potato harvest potato stem separation equipment was designed under the condition of heavy soil in northern China. Based on the kinematics analysis of the potato stems during lifting process of device and the analysis of force during the separation process and elastic mechanics analysis during the separation process, an elastic mechanics model was established, the main factors affecting the separation effect of the yam were determined, and the picking roll speed affecting the separation performance was obtained. Taking the distance between the line speed, picking roll and the main driving roller of the first-stage lift separation screen as the test factor, and the field test was carried out with the impurity-containing test index. The test results showed that when the distance between picking roll and the main driving roller of the first-stage lift separation screen was 2.5mm, the rotation speed of the picking roller was 9.0r/s, and the linear speed of the main driving roller of the first-stage lifting separation screen was 1.6m/s, the impurity content was 2.4%, and the index was superior to the national industry standard. The research result provided an important theoretical support and reference for both large combine harvesters and segmented potato harvesters, and also provided important theoretical support and technical reference for the separation of potato and potato stem during potato mechanical harvesting.