黑土区水稻光合物质生产特性对耗水过程的响应

Response of Photosynthate Production Characteristics of Rice to Water Consumption Process in Black Soil Region

摘要:

为了探究黑土区水稻光合物质生产特性对耗水过程的响应规律，于2017年在黑龙江省水稻灌溉试验站的蒸渗仪内进行了水稻耗水试验。采用U7（76）均匀试验设计，解析了各生育时期耗水量（ET1~ET6，分别表示分蘖前期、分蘖中期、分蘖后期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期耗水量）对水稻光合物质生产特性的影响。结果表明：ET1、ET6对水稻成穗率影响不显著，ET2~ET5对水稻成穗率有显著影响，其影响由大到小依次为ET4、ET5、ET3、ET2；ET3与叶面积指数呈显著正相关；叶片光合势对ET4的响应最为敏感；ET3与有效叶面积率呈显著正相关，ET4与有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率的正相关关系达显著水平（P<0.05）；ET5与阶段最大干物质积累量及群体生长速率呈显著正相关；ET1、ET3和ET6对茎鞘物质输出率影响不显著，ET2、ET4和ET5对其影响达显著水平（P<0.05），其影响由大到小依次为ET5、ET2、ET4；对于茎鞘物质转化率，ET1、ET4对其影响不显著，其他时期耗水量对其影响达显著水平（P<0.05），其影响由大到小依次为ET5、ET6、ET3、ET2，ET3对茎鞘物质转化率的影响为负效应；叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量与净光合速率均存在线性关系，胞间CO2浓度与净光合速率呈二次函数曲线关系；叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率对ET4、ET5的响应关系均达极显著水平（P<0.01），ET3对净光合速率存在显著负效应。

Abstract:

In order to explore the response of photosynthate production characteristics of rice to water consumption process in black soil region, the experiment was carried out by lysimeter at the rice irrigation experiment station of Heilongjiang Province in 2017. The U7（76） experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of water consumption at each stage on photosynthate production characteristics of rice. The results showed that the effect of water consumption at early tillering stage and milky stage（ET1 and ET6）on tiller rate was not significant. Water consumption from the midtillering to headingflowering（ET2~ET5）had a significant effect on tiller rate, influence order from large to small was ET4, ET5, ET3 and ET2. There was significantly positive correlation between water consumption at the late tillering stage and leaf area index. Leaf photosynthetic potential was most sensitive to ET4 response. There was significantly positive correlation between ET3 and effective leaf area rate, ET4 was significantly and positively correlated with effective leaf area ratio and high efficient leaf area ratio; ET5 was significantly and positively correlated with the maximum dry matter accumulation and population growth rate. ET1, ET3 and ET6 had no significant effect on the output rate of stemsheath matter. ET2, ET4 and ET5 had significant effects on the output rate of stemsheath matter（P<0.05）, effect order from large to small was ET5, ET2 and ET4. For the conversion rate of stemsheath matter, the effect of ET1 and ET4 on the conversion rate of stemsheath matter was not significant, the effect of water consumption at other stages on the conversion rate of stemsheath matter was significant (P<0.05). Impact order from large to small was ET5, ET6, ET3 and ET2, and the impact of ET3 on the conversion rate of stemsheath matter was negative. There were linear relationship between stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in the leaves, the relationship between intercellular CO2 concentration and net photosynthetic rate was quadratic function curve. The response of leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate to ET4 and ET5 was remarkably significant（P<0.01）. There was a significant negative effect of ET3 on net photosynthetic rate. 