振刷式枸杞采收机设计与试验优化

Design and Experiment on Vibrating and Comb Brushing Harvester for Lycium barbarum

摘要:

为了实现枸杞机械采收的高效、低损，融合振动和梳刷原理，设计了一种便携振刷式枸杞采收机，同时，根据枸杞鲜果与果柄脱离机理，采用单个集中质量力学模型，建立了采收机动力学模型，得到了采收机作用于枸杞鲜果的接触点位移、速度和加速度方程。运用ADAMS对采收机进行了运动学与动力学仿真，仿真结果表明：梳刷转速60～70r/min、凸轮转速25～35r/min、梳刷样式Ⅱ型时，熟果可以从果柄上脱离且不受损伤。采用三因素三水平二次正交旋转组合试验，建立了熟果采收率、青果错采率、熟果破损率与梳刷转速、〖JP2〗凸轮转速、梳刷样式之间的数学模型，分析了各因素对熟果采收率、青果错采率、熟果破损率的影响，确定了最佳参数组合：梳刷转速64.52r/min、〖JP〗凸轮转速29.68r/min、梳刷样式Ⅱ型，并进行了田间试验验证。田间试验表明，熟果采收率为89.12%，青果错采率为5.87%，熟果破损率为6.24%。

Abstract:

Nowadays, the manual harvesting is the most common harvesting method of Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum), but the efficiency of the manual harvesting is low and the cost of that is high. In order to achieve the goal of high efficiency and low damage of the mechanical harvesting of L. barbarum, a portable vibrating and comb brushing harvester for L. barbarum based on the principle of vibrating and comb brushing was designed. Based on the separation principle of L. barbarum and the carpopodium, the mechanical model was adopted by single centralized mass method to establish the dynamic model of the harvester and the equations of the displacement, velocity and acceleration of contact point of ripe L. barbarum applied load by the harvester were obtained. In order to optimize the structure and working parameters of the harvester, the kinematics and dynamics simulation of the harvester was done through ADAMS. Results showed that the combination that the revolving speed of comb brush was 60～70r/min, the revolving speed of cam was 25～35r/min and the style of comb brush was Ⅱ, which was helpful to harvest L. barbarum. Three factors and three levels quadratic orthogonal revolving experiment was adopted to establish the mathematical model between the harvesting rate of ripe L. barbarum, harvesting rate of unripe L. barbarum, damage rate of ripe L. barbarum and revolving speed of comb brush, revolving speed of cam and style of comb brush. The influences of various factors on the harvesting rate of ripe L. barbarum, the harvesting rate of unripe L. barbarum and the damage rate of ripe L. barbarum were analyzed and the best combination was determined as the revolving speed of comb brush was 64.52r/min, the revolving speed of cam was 29.68r/min and the style of comb brush was Ⅱ. Field experiment results showed that the harvesting rate of ripe L. barbarum was 8912%, the harvesting rate of unripe L. barbarum was 5.87% and the damage rate of ripe L. barbarum was 6.24%. The research result provided a design basis for the later research of vibrating and comb brushing harvester for L. barbarum.