三角链半杯勺式丘陵山区马铃薯精密播种机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Triangular Chain Half Cup Spoon-shaped Potato Precision Planter in Hilly Mountainous Areas

摘要:

针对中国丘陵山区地形复杂、马铃薯机械化水平偏低、种植规模较小等问题，设计了一种可实现施肥、播种、开沟起垄、整形镇压一体化作业的三角链半杯勺式马铃薯精密播种机。将传统的链勺式马铃薯播种机的“上下”2个链轮的传动改为3个链轮的“三角形排列”的传动模式，增加了水平清种区，依靠重力清种，减少种薯的损伤，以及实现单粒精播的要求；将勺式取种装置改为半杯状取种装置，有效增加了取种数量，提高了取种的可靠性；通过分析计算确定了排肥系统、靴式开沟器、排种系统的工作参数，对于丘陵山区土地粘性大造成的起垄高度低、起垄不平整等问题，设计了一套开沟起垄、整形镇压装置。田间试验结果表明，当作业速度1.9～2.0km/h时，粒距合格指数83.26%，重播指数8.36%，漏播指数8.38%，变异系数22.31%，垄高、垄底宽、垄面宽和垄距的稳定系数均在97%以上，性能指标符合国家标准要求。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of complex topography, low level of potato mechanization and small planting scale in hilly mountainous areas of China, a triangular chain half cup spoonshaped potato precision planter was designed, which can realize the integration of fertilization, sowing, ditching and ridging, shaping, soilcovering and soilcompacting. The transmission mode of the “up and low” two sprocket of the traditional chain spoon potato planter was changed to the “triangular arrangement” of three sprockets, which increased the horizontal clearance area, relied on the gravity clear species, reduced the damage of seed potato, and realized the requirement of singlegrain precision sowing. Changing the spoontype device into a halfcup seedtaking device effectively increased the number of seed taken and improved the reliability of the seed taking. The working parameters of the fertilizer discharging system, the boottype opener and the seeding system were determined by the analysis and calculation. A set of ditching and ridging, shaping, soilcovering and soilcompacting device was designed to solve the problem of low ridge height and uneven ridge formation caused by large land viscosity in hilly mountainous areas. The field test results showed that when the working speed was 1.9~2.0km/h, the qualified grain distance index was 83.26%, the rebroadcasting index was 8.36%, and the missedairing index was 8.38%, the coefficient of variation was 22.31%, and the stability coefficient of the ridge height, ridge bottom width, ridge width and ridge distance were all above 97%. Performance index met national standards.